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expédition de police

  • 1 expédition de police

    expédition de police

    Dictionnaire français-néerlandais > expédition de police

  • 2 expédition de police

    сущ.

    Французско-русский универсальный словарь > expédition de police

  • 3 expédition

    expédition [εkspedisjɔ̃]
    feminine noun
       a. ( = voyage) expedition
    • quelle expédition ! what an expedition!
       b. [de lettre, colis, renforts] dispatch ; (par bateau) shipping
    * * *
    ɛkspedisjɔ̃
    1) (de lettre, marchandises) dispatching, sending; ( par bateau) shipping
    2) ( chose expédiée) gén consignment, shipment US; ( par bateau) shipment
    3) ( mission) expedition
    4) Droit (de jugement, d'acte notarié) authenticated copy
    * * *
    ɛkspedisjɔ̃ nf
    1) (= envoi) sending
    2) (scientifique, sportive) expedition, MILITAIRE expedition
    * * *
    1 ( action d'expédier) (de lettre, marchandises) dispatching, sending; ( de renforts) sending; ( par bateau) shipping;
    2 ( chose expédiée) gén consignment, shipment US; ( par bateau) shipment;
    3 Mil, Sport, Sci expedition; expédition punitive punitive strike; partir en expédition to set out on an expedition;
    4 Jur (de jugement, d'acte notarié) authenticated copy.
    [ɛkspedisjɔ̃] nom féminin
    1. [voyage] expedition
    pour traverser la capitale, quelle expédition! (familier) it's quite an expedition to get across the capital!
    3. [raid]
    expédition par bateau [de marchandises] shipping
    5. [cargaison]

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > expédition

  • 4 expédition

    expédition [ekspeediesjõ]
    〈v.〉
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1    expédition de police • politionele actie
          expédition punitive • strafexpeditie
          c'est une véritable expédition! • dat is een hele onderneming!
    2    service des expéditions • expeditie(afdeling)
    f
    1) expeditie, uitstapje

    Dictionnaire français-néerlandais > expédition

  • 5 expédition

    f
    1) экспедиция, поход
    2) отправление, экспедиция, отправка; отгрузка; перевозка; pl поставки
    3) исполнение (дела и т. п.)
    5) засвидетельствованная, заверенная копия с документа; выписка, выпись

    БФРС > expédition

  • 6 полицейская операция

    adj

    Dictionnaire russe-français universel > полицейская операция

  • 7 drug interdiction

    [Police] [Douanes] interception d'une expédition de drogues

    English-French dictionary of law, politics, economics & finance > drug interdiction

  • 8 führen

    I v/t
    1. lead (nach, zu to); (geleiten) auch take, escort; zu einem Platz: auch usher; (jemandem den Weg zeigen) lead, guide; (zwangsweise) escort; an oder bei der Hand führen take s.o. by the hand; an der Leine / am Zügel führen walk on the lead / lead by the reins; Besucher in ein Zimmer führen show ( oder lead oder usher) into a room; jemanden durch die Firma / Wohnung führen show s.o. (a)round the firm (Am. company) / the apartment (Brit. auch flat); die Polizei auf jemandes Spur führen fig. put the police on s.o.’s track; was führt dich zu mir? fig. what brings you here?; meine Reise führte mich nach Spanien fig. my trip took me to Spain; Versuchung
    2. (irgendwohin gelangen lassen): jemandem die Hand führen guide s.o.’s hand (auch fig.); zum Mund führen raise to one’s lips; ein Kabel durch ein Rohr führen pass a cable through a pipe; eine Straße um einen Ort führen take a road (a)round a place, bypass a place
    3. (handhaben) handle, wield; sie führt den Ball sicher Basketball etc.: she’s got good ball control
    4. Amtsspr. (Auto, Zug etc.) drive; (Flugzeug etc.) pilot, fly; (Schiff) navigate
    5. bei oder mit sich führen have on one, carry; (Fracht, Ladung etc.) carry; Erz führen bear ( oder contain) ore; Strom führen ETECH. be live; (leiten) conduct current; der Fluss führt Sand ( mit sich) the river carries sand with it; Hochwasser
    6. (anführen) lead, head; (Leitung haben) be in charge of; MIL. auch command; (Geschäft, Haushalt etc.) manage, run; (lenkend beeinflussen) guide; eine Armee in den Kampf / zum Sieg führen lead an army into battle / to victory; in den Ruin führen (Firma etc.) lead to ruin; eine Klasse zum Abitur führen take a class through to the Abitur exam; er führt seine Mitarbeiter mit fester Hand he manages his colleagues with a firm hand; Aufsicht, geführt, Kommando, Vorsitz etc.
    7. (Gespräch, Verhandlung etc.) carry on, have; (Telefongespräch) make; (Prozess) conduct; (Buch, Liste, Protokoll etc.) keep; (Konto) manage; ein geruhsames etc. Leben führen lead ( oder live) a peaceful etc. life; sie führen eine gute Ehe they’re happily married, they have a good (husband-and-wife) relationship; etw. zu Ende führen finish s.th.; Beweis, Krieg, Regie etc.
    8. (Namen) bear, go by ( oder under) the name of; (Nummer, Wappen) have; (Flagge) carry, fly; (Titel) Person: hold; Buch etc.: have; den Titel... führen Buch: auch be entitled...
    9. (Ware) auf Lager: stock; zum Verkauf: auch sell, have; führen Sie Campingartikel? do you have ( oder sell oder stock) camping gear?; auf oder in einer Liste führen list, make a list of; ( auf oder in einer Liste) geführt werden appear on a list, be listed; als vermisst geführt werden be posted as missing
    10. (Reden, Sprache) use; ständig im Munde führen be constantly talking about; (Wendung) be constantly using
    11. fig. Feld, Schild2 1 etc.
    II v/i
    1. lead (nach, zu to); Tal, Tür etc.: auch open (into); unser Weg führte durch einen Wald / über eine Brücke our route led ( oder passed) through a wood / over a bridge
    2. beim Tanzen: lead, steer
    3. SPORT: führen über (+ Akk) (dauern) last; der Kampf führt über zehn Runden the fight is over ten rounds
    4. (führend sein) lead; SPORT auch be in the lead; mit zwei Toren führen be two goals ahead, have a two-goal lead; mit 3:1 führen be 3-1 up; mit 3:1 gegen X führen lead X by 3-1
    5. fig.: durch das Programm / den Abend führt X your guide ( oder presenter) for the program(me) / evening is X; führen zu lead to, end in; (zur Folge haben) result in; das führt zu nichts that won’t get you ( oder us etc.) anywhere; das führt zu keinem Ergebnis that won’t produce a result; das führt zu weit that’s ( oder that would be) going too far; wohin soll das noch führen? where will all this lead ( oder end up)?
    III v/refl conduct o.s.; bes. Schüler: behave (o.s.); sich gut führen behave (well)
    * * *
    (befördern) to carry;
    (herumführen) to guide;
    (leiten) to lead; to shepherd; to conduct;
    (lenken) to drive; to pilot; to steer
    * * *
    füh|ren ['fyːrən]
    1. vt
    1) (= geleiten) to take; (= vorangehen, - fahren) to lead

    eine alte Dame über die Straße fǘhren — to help an old lady over the road

    er führte uns durch das Schloss — he showed us (a)round the castle

    er führte uns durch Italien — he was our guide in Italy

    eine Klasse zum Abitur fǘhren — ≈ to see a class through to A-levels (Brit) or to their high school diploma (US)

    jdn zum (Trau)altar fǘhren — to lead sb to the altar

    2) (= leiten) Geschäft, Betrieb etc to run; Gruppe, Expedition etc to lead, to head; Schiff to captain; Armee etc to command
    3) (= in eine Situation bringen) to get (inf), to lead; (= veranlassen zu kommen/gehen) to bring/take

    der Hinweis führte die Polizei auf die Spur des Diebes — that tip put the police on the trail of the thief

    das führt uns auf das Thema... — that brings or leads us (on)to the subject...

    ein Land ins Chaos fǘhren — to reduce a country to chaos

    4) (= registriert haben) to have a record of

    wir fǘhren keinen Meier in unserer Kartei — we have no( record of a) Meier on our files

    5) (= handhaben) Pinsel, Bogen, Kamera etc to wield

    den Löffel zum Mund/das Glas an die Lippen fǘhren —

    die Hand an die Mütze fǘhren — to touch one's cap

    6) (= entlangführen) Leitung, Draht to carry
    7) (form = steuern) Kraftfahrzeug to drive; Flugzeug to fly, to pilot; Kran, Fahrstuhl to operate; Schiff to sail
    8) (= transportieren) to carry; (= haben) Autokennzeichen, Wappen, Namen to have, to bear; Titel to have; (= selbst gebrauchen) to use

    Geld/seine Papiere bei sich fǘhren (form) — to carry money/one's papers on one's person

    9) (= im Angebot haben) to stock, to carry (spec), to keep

    etw ständig im Munde fǘhren — to be always talking about sth

    2. vi
    1) (= in Führung liegen) to lead; (bei Wettkämpfen) to be in the lead, to lead

    die Mannschaft führt mit 10 Punkten Vorsprung — the team has a lead of 10 points, the team is in the lead or is leading by 10 points

    2) (= verlaufen) (Straße) to go; (Kabel, Pipeline etc) to run; (Spur) to lead

    das Rennen führt über 10 Runden/durch ganz Frankreich — the race takes place over 10 laps/covers France

    die Straße führt nach Kiel/am Rhein entlang — the road goes to Kiel/runs or goes along the Rhine

    die Brücke führt über die Elbe — the bridge crosses or spans the Elbe

    3)

    (= als Ergebnis haben) zu etw fǘhren — to lead to sth, to result in sth

    das führt zu nichts — that will come to nothing

    es führte zu dem Ergebnis, dass er entlassen wurde — it resulted in or led to his being dismissed

    das führt dazu, dass noch mehr Stellen abgebaut werden — it'll lead to or end in further staff reductions or job cuts

    wohin soll das alles nur fǘhren? — where is it all leading (us)?

    3. vr
    form = sich benehmen) to conduct oneself, to deport oneself (form)
    * * *
    1) (to turn or fork: The road bears left here.) bear
    2) (to lead or guide: We were conducted down a narrow path by the guide; He conducted the tour.) conduct
    3) (to lead to: Where does this road go?) go
    4) (to lead, direct or show the way: I don't know how to get to your house - I'll need someone to guide me; Your comments guided me in my final choice.) guide
    5) (to make entries in (a diary, accounts etc): She keeps a diary to remind her of her appointments; He kept the accounts for the club.) keep
    6) (to guide or direct or cause to go in a certain direction: Follow my car and I'll lead you to the motorway; She took the child by the hand and led him across the road; He was leading the horse into the stable; The sound of hammering led us to the garage; You led us to believe that we would be paid!) lead
    7) (to go or carry to a particular place or along a particular course: A small path leads through the woods.) lead
    8) ((with to) to cause or bring about a certain situation or state of affairs: The heavy rain led to serious floods.) lead
    9) (to live (a certain kind of life): She leads a pleasant existence on a Greek island.) lead
    10) (to keep a supply of for sale: Does this shop stock writing-paper?) stock
    11) ((often with around, in, out etc) to guide or lead carefully: He shepherded me through a maze of corridors.) shepherd
    12) (to lead, escort: The waiter ushered him to a table.) usher
    13) (to carry on or engage in (especially a war): The North waged war on/against the South.) wage
    * * *
    füh·ren
    [ˈfy:rən]
    I. vt
    ▪ jdn aus etw dat/in etw akk \führen to lead sb into/out of sth
    jdn in einen Raum \führen to lead [or usher] sb into a room
    ▪ jdn durch/über etw akk \führen to lead sb through/across [or over] sth
    eine alte Dame über die Straße \führen to help an old lady across [or over] the road
    ▪ jdn zu etw/jdm \führen (hinbringen) to take sb to sth/sb; (herbringen) to bring sb to sth/sb; (vorangehen) to lead sb to sth/sb
    was führt Sie zu mir? (geh) what brings you to me? form
    jdn zu seinem Platz \führen to lead [or usher] sb to their seat
    jdn zum Traualtar \führen to lead sb to the altar
    2. (umherführen, den Weg zeigen)
    ▪ jdn \führen to guide sb
    einen Blinden \führen to guide a blind person
    jdn durch ein Museum/ein Schloss/eine Stadt \führen to show sb round a museum/a castle/a town
    er führte uns durch London he was our guide in London
    ▪ jdn \führen to lead sb/sth
    eine Armee \führen to command an army
    eine Expedition/eine Gruppe/eine Mannschaft \führen to lead an expedition/a group/a team
    ▪ etw \führen to run sth
    einen Betrieb/ein Geschäft \führen to run [or manage] a company/a business
    ▪ jdn \führen to lead sb
    er führt seine Angestellten mit fester Hand he leads [or directs] his employees with a firm hand
    sie weiß die Schüler zu \führen she knows how to lead the students
    5. (bringen, lenken)
    ▪ jdn auf etw akk \führen to lead sb to sth
    der Hinweis führte die Polizei auf die Spur des Diebes the tip put the police on the trail of the thief
    das führt uns auf das Thema... that brings [or leads] us on[to] the subject...
    jdn auf Abwege \führen to lead sb astray
    etw zu Ende \führen to complete sth
    6. (laufend ergänzen)
    eine Liste/ein Verzeichnis \führen to keep a list/a register
    jdn/etw auf einer Liste/in einem Verzeichnis \führen to have a record of sb/sth on a list/in a register
    wir \führen keinen Schmidt in unserer Kartei we have no [record of a] Schmidt on our files
    8. (bewegen)
    einen Bogen [über die Saiten] \führen to wield a bow [across the strings]
    die Kamera [an etw akk] \führen to guide the camera [towards sth]; (durch Teleobjektiv) to zoom in [on sth]
    die Kamera ruhig \führen to operate the camera with a steady hand
    etw zum Mund[e] \führen to raise sth to one's mouth
    sie führte ihr Glas zum Mund she raised her glass to her lips
    einen Pinsel [über etw akk] \führen to wield a brush [over sth]
    ▪ etw durch/über etw akk \führen to lay sth through/across [or over] sth
    er führte das Satellitenkabel durch die Wand he laid [or fed] the satellite cable through the wall
    10. (geh: steuern)
    ein Flugzeug \führen to fly a plane
    ein Kraftfahrzeug/einen Zug \führen to drive a motor vehicle/a train
    einen Kran/eine Maschine \führen to operate a crane/a machine
    11. (geh: tragen)
    einen Namen \führen to go by [or form to bear] a name
    verheiratete Frauen \führen oft ihren Mädchennamen weiter married women often retain [or still go by] their maiden name
    welchen Namen wirst du nach der Hochzeit \führen? which name will you use when you're married?
    unser Mann führt den Decknamen ‚Hans‘ our man goes by the alias of ‘Hans’
    einen Titel \führen to hold [or form bear] a title
    etw im Wappen \führen to bear sth on one's coat of arms form
    12. (geh: haben)
    Gepäck bei [o mit] sich dat \führen to be carrying luggage
    seine Papiere/eine Schusswaffe bei [o mit] sich dat \führen to carry one's papers/a firearm on one, to carry around one's papers/a firearm sep
    ▪ etw \führen to stock [or spec carry] sth; (verkaufen) to sell sth
    einen Prozess/Verhandlungen \führen to conduct a case/negotiations
    II. vi
    1. (in Führung liegen) to be in the lead
    mit drei Punkten/einer halben Runde \führen to have a lead of [or to be in the lead by] three points/half a lap
    2. (verlaufen) to lead, to go
    wohin führt diese Straße/dieser Weg? where does this road/this path lead [or go] to?
    die Straße führt am Fluss entlang the road runs [or goes] along the river
    ▪ durch/über etw akk \führen Weg to lead [or go] through/over sth; Straße to lead [or go] [or run] through/over sth; Kabel, Pipeline to run through/over sth; Spuren to lead through/across sth
    die Brücke führt über den Rhein the bridge crosses [over] [or spans] the Rhine [or goes over
    ▪ zu etw dat \führen to lead to sth, to result in sth
    das führte dazu, dass er entlassen wurde this led to [or resulted in] his [or him] being dismissed
    [all] das führt [euch/uns] doch zu nichts that will [all] get you/us nowhere
    III. vr (geh: sich benehmen)
    ▪ sich akk \führen to conduct oneself form
    sich akk gut/schlecht \führen to conduct oneself well/badly [or to misbehave]
    * * *
    1.
    1) lead

    durch das Programm führt [Sie] Klaus Frank — Klaus Frank will present the programme

    2) (Kaufmannsspr.) stock, sell < goods>

    ein Orts-/Ferngespräch führen — make a local/long-distance call

    einen Prozess [gegen jemanden] führen — take legal action [against somebody]

    4) (verantwortlich leiten) manage, run <company, business, pub, etc.>; lead < party, country>; command < regiment>; chair < committee>
    5) (gelangen lassen) <journey, road> take
    6) (Amtsspr.) drive <train, motor, vehicle>; navigate < ship>; fly < aircraft>
    7) (verlaufen lassen) take <road, cable, etc.>
    8) (als Kennzeichnung, Bezeichnung haben) bear

    einen Titel/Künstlernamen führen — have a title/use a stage name

    den Titel ‘Professor’ führen — use the title of professor

    9) (angelegt haben) keep <diary, list, file>
    10) (befördern) carry
    12) (tragen)

    etwas bei od. mit sich führen — have something on one

    2.
    1) lead

    die Straße führt nach.../durch.../über... — the road leads or goes to.../goes through.../goes over...

    das würde zu weit führen — (fig.) that would be taking things too far

    2) (an der Spitze liegen) lead; be ahead

    in der Tabelle führen — be the league leaders; be at the top of the league

    3)

    zu etwas führen — (etwas bewirken) lead to something

    das führt zu nichts — (ugs.) that won't get you/us etc. anywhere (coll.)

    3.

    sich gut/schlecht führen — conduct oneself or behave well/badly

    * * *
    A. v/t
    1. lead (
    nach, zu to); (geleiten) auch take, escort; zu einem Platz: auch usher; (jemandem den Weg zeigen) lead, guide; (zwangsweise) escort;
    an oder
    bei der Hand führen take sb by the hand;
    an der Leine/am Zügel führen walk on the lead/lead by the reins;
    in ein Zimmer führen show ( oder lead oder usher) into a room;
    jemanden durch die Firma/Wohnung führen show sb (a)round the firm (US company)/the apartment (Br auch flat);
    die Polizei auf jemandes Spur führen fig put the police on sb’s track;
    was führt dich zu mir? fig what brings you here?;
    meine Reise führte mich nach Spanien fig my trip took me to Spain; → Versuchung
    2. (irgendwohin gelangen lassen):
    jemandem die Hand führen guide sb’s hand (auch fig);
    zum Mund führen raise to one’s lips;
    ein Kabel durch ein Rohr führen pass a cable through a pipe;
    eine Straße um einen Ort führen take a road (a)round a place, bypass a place
    3. (handhaben) handle, wield;
    sie führt den Ball sicher Basketball etc: she’s got good ball control
    4. ADMIN (Auto, Zug etc) drive; (Flugzeug etc) pilot, fly; (Schiff) navigate
    5.
    mit sich führen have on one, carry; (Fracht, Ladung etc) carry;
    Erz führen bear ( oder contain) ore;
    Strom führen ELEK be live; (leiten) conduct current;
    der Fluss führt Sand (mit sich) the river carries sand with it; → Hochwasser
    6. (anführen) lead, head; (Leitung haben) be in charge of; MIL auch command; (Geschäft, Haushalt etc) manage, run; (lenkend beeinflussen) guide;
    eine Armee in den Kampf/zum Sieg führen lead an army into battle/to victory;
    in den Ruin führen (Firma etc) lead to ruin;
    eine Klasse zum Abitur führen take a class through to the Abitur exam;
    er führt seine Mitarbeiter mit fester Hand he manages his colleagues with a firm hand; → Aufsicht, geführt, Kommando, Vorsitz etc
    7. (Gespräch, Verhandlung etc) carry on, have; (Telefongespräch) make; (Prozess) conduct; (Buch, Liste, Protokoll etc) keep; (Konto) manage;
    Leben führen lead ( oder live) a peaceful etc life;
    sie führen eine gute Ehe they’re happily married, they have a good (husband-and-wife) relationship;
    etwas zu Ende führen finish sth; → Beweis, Krieg, Regie etc
    8. (Namen) bear, go by ( oder under) the name of; (Nummer, Wappen) have; (Flagge) carry, fly; (Titel) Person: hold; Buch etc: have;
    den Titel … führen Buch: auch be entitled …
    9. (Ware) auf Lager: stock; zum Verkauf: auch sell, have;
    führen Sie Campingartikel? do you have ( oder sell oder stock) camping gear?;
    in einer Liste führen list, make a list of;
    (
    geführt werden appear on a list, be listed;
    als vermisst geführt werden be posted as missing
    10. (Reden, Sprache) use;
    ständig im Munde führen be constantly talking about; (Wendung) be constantly using
    11. fig → Feld, Schild2 1 etc
    B. v/i
    1. lead (
    nach, zu to); Tal, Tür etc: auch open (into);
    unser Weg führte durch einen Wald/über eine Brücke our route led ( oder passed) through a wood/over a bridge
    2. beim Tanzen: lead, steer
    3. SPORT:
    führen über (+akk) (dauern) last;
    der Kampf führt über zehn Runden the fight is over ten rounds
    4. (führend sein) lead; SPORT auch be in the lead;
    mit zwei Toren führen be two goals ahead, have a two-goal lead;
    mit 3:1 führen be 3-1 up;
    mit 3:1 gegen X führen lead X by 3-1
    5. fig:
    durch das Programm/den Abend führt X your guide ( oder presenter) for the program(me)/evening is X;
    führen zu lead to, end in; (zur Folge haben) result in;
    das führt zu nichts that won’t get you ( oder us etc) anywhere;
    das führt zu keinem Ergebnis that won’t produce a result;
    das führt zu weit that’s ( oder that would be) going too far;
    wohin soll das noch führen? where will all this lead ( oder end up)?
    C. v/r conduct o.s.; besonders Schüler: behave (o.s.);
    sich gut führen behave (well)
    * * *
    1.
    1) lead

    durch das Programm führt [Sie] Klaus Frank — Klaus Frank will present the programme

    2) (Kaufmannsspr.) stock, sell < goods>

    ein Orts-/Ferngespräch führen — make a local/long-distance call

    einen Prozess [gegen jemanden] führen — take legal action [against somebody]

    4) (verantwortlich leiten) manage, run <company, business, pub, etc.>; lead <party, country>; command < regiment>; chair < committee>
    5) (gelangen lassen) <journey, road> take
    6) (Amtsspr.) drive <train, motor, vehicle>; navigate < ship>; fly < aircraft>
    7) (verlaufen lassen) take <road, cable, etc.>
    8) (als Kennzeichnung, Bezeichnung haben) bear

    einen Titel/Künstlernamen führen — have a title/use a stage name

    den Titel ‘Professor’ führen — use the title of professor

    9) (angelegt haben) keep <diary, list, file>
    10) (befördern) carry

    etwas bei od. mit sich führen — have something on one

    2.
    1) lead

    die Straße führt nach.../durch.../über... — the road leads or goes to.../goes through.../goes over...

    das würde zu weit führen — (fig.) that would be taking things too far

    2) (an der Spitze liegen) lead; be ahead

    in der Tabelle führen — be the league leaders; be at the top of the league

    3)

    zu etwas führen — (etwas bewirken) lead to something

    das führt zu nichts — (ugs.) that won't get you/us etc. anywhere (coll.)

    3.

    sich gut/schlecht führen — conduct oneself or behave well/badly

    * * *
    v.
    to conduct v.
    to go v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: went, gone)
    to guide v.
    to lead v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: led)
    to steer v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > führen

  • 9 lead

    I noun
    1) (metal) Blei, das

    go down like a lead balloon — mit Pauken und Trompeten durchfallen (ugs.); [Rede, Vorschlag usw.:] überhaupt nicht ankommen

    2) (in pencil) [Bleistift]mine, die
    II 1. transitive verb,

    lead somebody by the hand — jemanden an der Hand führen

    lead somebody by the nose — (fig.) jemanden nach seiner Pfeife tanzen lassen

    lead somebody into trouble — (fig.) jemandem Ärger einbringen

    this is leading us nowhere — (fig.) das führt zu nichts

    2) (fig.): (influence, induce)

    lead somebody to do something — jemanden veranlassen, etwas zu tun

    that leads me to believe that... — das lässt mich glauben, dass...

    he led me to suppose/believe that... — er gab mir Grund zu der Annahme/er machte mich glauben, dass...

    3) führen [Leben]

    lead a life of misery/a miserable existence — ein erbärmliches Dasein führen/eine kümmerliche Existenz fristen

    4) (be first in) anführen

    lead the world in electrical engineering — auf dem Gebiet der Elektrotechnik in der ganzen Welt führend sein

    Smith led Jones by several yards/seconds — (Sport) Smith hatte mehrere Yards/Sekunden Vorsprung vor Jones

    5) (direct, be head of) anführen [Bewegung, Abordnung]; leiten [Diskussion, Veranstaltung, Ensemble]; [Dirigent:] leiten [Orchester, Chor]; [Konzertmeister:] führen [Orchester]

    lead a party — Vorsitzender/Vorsitzende einer Partei sein

    2. intransitive verb,
    1) [Straße usw., Tür:] führen

    lead to the town/to the sea — zur Stadt/ans Meer führen

    one thing led to another — es kam eins zum anderen

    2) (be first) führen; (go in front) vorangehen; (fig.): (be leader) an der Spitze stehen

    lead by 3 metres — mit 3 Metern in Führung liegen; 3 Meter Vorsprung haben

    3. noun
    1) (precedent) Beispiel, das; (clue) Anhaltspunkt, der

    follow somebody's lead, take one's lead from somebody — jemandes Beispiel (Dat.) folgen

    2) (first place) Führung, die

    be in the lead — in Führung liegen; an der Spitze liegen

    move or go into the lead, take the lead — sich an die Spitze setzen; in Führung gehen

    3) (amount, distance) Vorsprung, der
    4) (on dog etc.) Leine, die
    5) (Electr.) Kabel, das; Leitung, die
    6) (Theatre) Hauptrolle, die; (player) Hauptdarsteller, der/-darstellerin, die
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/42119/lead_away">lead away
    * * *
    I 1. [li:d] past tense, past participle - led; verb
    1) (to guide or direct or cause to go in a certain direction: Follow my car and I'll lead you to the motorway; She took the child by the hand and led him across the road; He was leading the horse into the stable; The sound of hammering led us to the garage; You led us to believe that we would be paid!) führen
    2) (to go or carry to a particular place or along a particular course: A small path leads through the woods.) führen
    3) ((with to) to cause or bring about a certain situation or state of affairs: The heavy rain led to serious floods.) führen
    4) (to be first (in): An official car led the procession; He is still leading in the competition.) anführen
    5) (to live (a certain kind of life): She leads a pleasant existence on a Greek island.) führen
    2. noun
    1) (the front place or position: He has taken over the lead in the race.) die Führung
    2) (the state of being first: We have a lead over the rest of the world in this kind of research.) die Führung
    3) (the act of leading: We all followed his lead.) die Führung
    4) (the amount by which one is ahead of others: He has a lead of twenty metres (over the man in second place).) der Vorsprung
    5) (a leather strap or chain for leading a dog etc: All dogs must be kept on a lead.) die Leine
    6) (a piece of information which will help to solve a mystery etc: The police have several leads concerning the identity of the thief.) der Hinweis
    7) (a leading part in a play etc: Who plays the lead in that film?) die Hauptrolle
    •
    - leader
    - leadership
    - lead on
    - lead up the garden path
    - lead up to
    - lead the way     II [led] noun
    1) (( also adjective) (of) an element, a soft, heavy, bluish-grey metal: lead pipes; Are these pipes made of lead or copper?) das Blei
    2) (the part of a pencil that leaves a mark: The lead of my pencil has broken.) die Mine
    •
    * * *
    lead1
    [led]
    I. n
    1. no pl (metal) Blei nt
    to be as heavy as \lead schwer wie Blei sein
    to contain \lead bleihaltig sein
    2. (pencil filling) Mine f
    3. no pl (graphite) Grafit m
    4. no pl (bullets) Blei nt veraltet, Kugeln pl
    ▪ \leads pl (in windows) Bleifassung f; (on roofs) Bleiplatten pl
    7.
    ▶ to have \lead in one's pencil ein steifes Rohr haben sl vulg
    ▶ to get the \lead out sich akk beeilen
    ▶ to swing the \lead BRIT ( fam: pretend to be sick) krankfeiern fam; (pretend to be incapable of work) sich akk drücken fam, schwänzen SCHWEIZ fam
    II. n modifier (bullet, crystal, pipe, weight) Blei-
    \lead accumulator Bleiakkumulator m
    ▶ to go down like a \lead balloon überhaupt nicht ankommen fam
    lead2
    [li:d]
    I. n
    1. THEAT, FILM Hauptrolle f
    to get/play the \lead [in sth] [in etw dat] die Hauptrolle bekommen/spielen
    2. usu sing (guiding, example) Beispiel nt
    to follow sb's \lead jds Beispiel folgen
    3. usu sing (guiding in dance) Führung f kein pl
    to give a strong \lead gut führen
    to follow sb's \lead sich akk von jdm führen lassen
    4. no pl (front position) Führung f
    ▪ to be in the \lead führend sein; SPORT in Führung liegen
    to go [or move] into the \lead die Führung übernehmen; SPORT sich akk an die Spitze setzen
    to have/hold/take [over] the \lead die Führung haben/verteidigen/übernehmen
    to lose one's \lead die Führung verlieren
    5. (position in advance) Vorsprung m
    6. (clue) Hinweis m
    to get a \lead on sth einen Hinweis auf etw akk bekommen
    7. (connecting wire) Kabel nt
    8. BRIT, AUS (rope for pet) Leine f
    ▪ to be on a \lead angeleint sein
    to keep an animal on a \lead ein Tier an der Leine halten
    to let an animal off the \lead ein Tier von der Leine lassen, ein Tier frei laufen lassen
    to be [let] off the \lead ( fig hum) sturmfreie Bude haben fam
    9. TYPO Durchschuss m
    II. vt
    <led, led>
    1. (be in charge of)
    ▪ to \lead sb/sth jdn/etw führen
    she led the party to victory sie führte die Partei zum Sieg
    to \lead a delegation/an expedition eine Delegation/eine Expedition leiten
    to \lead a discussion/an inquiry eine Diskussion/Ermittlungen leiten
    to \lead sb in prayer jdm vorbeten
    ▪ to \lead sb/sth jdn/etw führen
    ▪ to \lead sb into/over/through sth jdn in/über/durch etw akk führen
    ▪ to \lead sb to sth jdn zu etw dat führen
    to \lead sb astray jdn auf Abwege führen
    3. (go in advance)
    to \lead the way vorangehen
    to \lead the way in sth ( fig) bei etw dat an der Spitze stehen
    to \lead sb [in]to problems jdn in Schwierigkeiten bringen
    ▪ to \lead sb to do sth jdn dazu verleiten, etw zu tun
    to \lead sb to believe that... jdn glauben lassen, dass...
    6. ECON, SPORT (be ahead of)
    ▪ to \lead sb jdn anführen
    to \lead the field/the pack das Feld/die Gruppe anführen
    to \lead the world weltweit führend sein
    7. (spend)
    to \lead a life of luxury ein Leben im Luxus führen
    to \lead a cat-and-dog life wie Hund und Katze leben
    to \lead a charmed life (be very lucky in life) ein glückliches Leben führen; (be guarded from above) einen Schutzengel haben
    to \lead a hectic/quiet life ein hektisches/ruhiges Leben führen
    the life she \leads is very relaxed sie führt ein sehr bequemes Leben
    ▪ to \lead sb witness jdn beeinflussen
    9.
    ▶ to \lead sb up [or down] the garden path ( fam) jdn an der Nase herumführen [o hinters Licht führen]
    ▶ to \lead sb a merry dance ( fam) sein Spiel mit jdm treiben
    ▶ to \lead sb by the nose ( fam) jdn unter seiner Fuchtel haben fam
    III. vi
    <led, led>
    1. (be in charge) die Leitung innehaben
    2. (be guide) vorangehen
    where she \leads, others will follow sie ist eine starke Führungspersönlichkeit
    to \lead from the front ( fig) den Ton angeben
    3. (guide woman dancer) führen
    4. (be directed towards)
    ▪ to \lead somewhere irgendwohin führen
    the track \leads across the fields der Pfad führt über die Felder
    this passage \leads into the servants' quarters dieser Gang führt zu den Wohnräumen der Bediensteten
    the door \leads onto a wide shady terrace die Tür geht auf eine große, schattige Terrasse hinaus
    ▪ to \lead to sth auf etw akk hinweisen
    everything \leads to this conclusion alles legt diese Schlussfolgerung nahe
    6. (cause to develop, happen)
    ▪ to \lead to sth zu etw dat führen
    this is bound to \lead to trouble das muss zwangsläufig zu Schwierigkeiten führen
    all this talk is \leading nowhere all dieses Gerede führt zu [o fam bringt] nichts
    where's it all going to \lead? wo soll das alles noch hinführen?
    7. (be in the lead) führen; SPORT in Führung liegen
    to \lead by 10 points mit 10 Punkten in Führung liegen
    8. LAW in einem Prozess auftreten
    to \lead for the prosecution die Anklage[verhandlung] eröffnen
    9.
    ▶ to \lead with one's chin ( fam) das Schicksal herausfordern
    ▶ all roads \lead to Rome ( saying) alle Wege führen nach Rom prov
    * * *
    I [led]
    1. n
    1) (= metal) Blei nt
    2) (in pencil) Grafit nt, Graphit nt; (= single lead) Mine f

    that'll put lead in your pencil (inf) — das wird dir die Glieder stärken (inf)

    3) (NAUT) Lot nt
    4) pl (on roof) Bleiplatten pl; (in window) Bleifassung f
    2. vt
    (= weight with lead) mit Blei beschweren II [liːd] vb: pret, ptp led
    1. n
    1) (= front position) Spitzenposition f; (= leading position, SPORT) Führung f, Spitze f; (in league etc) Tabellenspitze f

    to be in the lead — führend sein, in Führung liegen; (Sport) in Führung or vorn liegen, führen

    to take the lead, to move into the lead — in Führung gehen, die Führung übernehmen; (in league) Tabellenführer werden

    this set gives him the lead —

    Japan took the lead from Germany in exports — Japan verdrängte Deutschland auf dem Exportmarkt von der Spitze

    2) (= distance, time ahead) Vorsprung m
    3) (= example) Beispiel nt

    to take the lead, to show a lead — mit gutem Beispiel vorangehen

    4) (= clue) Indiz nt, Anhaltspunkt m; (in guessing etc) Hinweis m, Tipp m
    5) (CARDS)
    6) (THEAT) (= part) Hauptrolle f; (= person) Hauptdarsteller(in) m(f)
    7) (= leash) Leine f
    8) (ELEC) Leitung(skabel nt) f, Kabel nt; (from separate source) Zuleitung f (form)
    2. vt
    1) (= conduct) person, animal führen; water leiten

    to lead sb in/out etc — jdn hinein-/hinaus- etc führen

    to lead the way (lit, fig) — vorangehen; ( fig

    2) (= be the leader of, direct) (an)führen; expedition, team leiten; regiment führen; movement, revolution anführen; conversation bestimmen; orchestra (conductor) leiten; (first violin) führen

    to lead a government — an der Spitze einer Regierung stehen, Regierungschef sein

    to lead a party — Parteivorsitzender sein, den Parteivorsitz führen

    3) (= be first in) anführen

    Britain leads the world in textiles — Großbritannien ist auf dem Gebiet der Textilproduktion führend in der Welt

    4) card ausspielen
    5) life führen

    to lead a life of luxury/deception — ein Luxusleben/betrügerisches Leben führen

    6) (= influence) beeinflussen

    to lead sb to do sth — jdn dazu bringen, etw zu tun

    to lead a witness — einen Zeugen/eine Zeugin beeinflussen

    what led him to change his mind? — wie kam er dazu, seine Meinung zu ändern?

    to lead sb to believe that... — jdm den Eindruck vermitteln, dass..., jdn glauben machen, dass... (geh)

    I am led to believe that... —

    this led me to the conclusion that... — daraus schloss ich, dass...

    I am led to the conclusion that... —

    7) wire, flex legen, entlangführen
    3. vi
    1) (= go in front) vorangehen; (in race) in Führung liegen

    to lead by 10 metres — einen Vorsprung von 10 Metern haben, mit 10 Metern in Führung liegen

    he always follows where his brother leads — er macht alles nach, was sein Bruder macht

    the "Times" led with a story about the financial crisis —

    2) (= be a leader also in dancing) führen

    he had shown the ability to lead — er hat gezeigt, dass er Führungsqualitäten besitzt

    who leads? — wer spielt aus?, wer fängt an?

    4) (street etc) führen, gehen
    5) (= result in, cause) führen (to zu)

    what will all these strikes lead to? — wo sollen all diese Streiks hinführen?

    * * *
    lead1 [liːd]
    A s
    1. Führung f:
    a) Leitung f:
    under sb’s lead
    b) führende Stelle, Spitze f:
    be in the lead an der Spitze stehen, führend sein, SPORT etc in Führung oder vorn(e) liegen, führen;
    give one’s team the lead SPORT seine Mannschaft in Führung bringen;
    have the lead die Führung innehaben, SPORT etc in Führung oder vorn(e) liegen, führen;
    shoot one’s team into the lead SPORT seine Mannschaft in Führung schießen;
    a) auch SPORT die Führung übernehmen, sich an die Spitze setzen ( beide:
    from vor dat),
    b) die Initiative ergreifen,
    c) vorangehen, neue Wege weisen
    2. Vorsprung m ( over vor dat) ( auch SPORT):
    a one minute’s ( oder one-minute) lead eine Minute Vorsprung;
    have a big lead einen großen Vorsprung haben, hoch führen;
    have a two-goal lead mit zwei Toren führen;
    have the lead over einen Vorsprung vor der Konkurrenz haben, voraus sein (dat)
    3. Boxen: (eine Schlagserie) einleitender Schlag
    4. Vorbild n, Beispiel n:
    follow sb’s lead jemandes Beispiel folgen;
    give sb a lead jemandem ein gutes Beispiel geben, jemandem mit gutem Beispiel vorangehen
    5. a) Hinweis m, Wink m
    b) Anhaltspunkt m
    c) Spur f:
    give sb a lead jemandem einen Hinweis oder Anhaltspunkt geben; jemanden auf die Spur bringen
    6. THEAT etc
    a) Hauptrolle f
    b) Hauptdarsteller(in)
    a) Vorhand f
    b) zuerst ausgespielte Karte oder Farbe:
    your lead! Sie spielen aus!
    a) Vorspann m (eines Zeitungsartikels)
    b) Aufmacher m:
    the scandal was the lead in the papers der Skandal wurde von den Zeitungen groß herausgestellt
    9. TECH Steigung f, Ganghöhe f (eines Gewindes)
    10. ELEK
    a) (Zu)Leitung f
    b) Leiter m, Leitungsdraht m
    c) (Phasen) Voreilung f
    11. (Mühl) Kanal m
    12. Wasserrinne f (in einem Eisfeld)
    13. (Hunde) Leine f:
    keep on the lead an der Leine führen oder halten
    14. MIL Vorhalt m
    B adj Leit…, Führungs…, Haupt…
    C v/t prät und pperf led [led]
    1. führen, leiten, jemandem den Weg zeigen:
    lead the way vorangehen, den Weg zeigen; → garden path, nose Bes Redew
    2. führen, bringen:
    3. bewegen, verleiten, -führen ( alle:
    to zu), dahin bringen, veranlassen ( beide:
    to do zu tun):
    this led me to believe that … dies veranlasste mich zu glauben, dass …;
    what led you to think so? was brachte Sie zu dieser Ansicht?
    4. a) (an)führen, leiten, an der Spitze stehen von, SPORT führen vor (dat) oder gegen (by mit):
    lead an army eine Armee führen oder befehligen;
    lead the field SPORT das Feld anführen;
    lead the table SPORT die Tabelle anführen, an der Tabellenspitze stehen;
    lead sb by 20 seconds SPORT einen Vorsprung von 20 Sekunden vor jemandem haben
    b) eine Untersuchung etc leiten
    5. a) besonders US ein Orchester leiten, dirigieren
    b) besonders Br die erste Geige spielen oder Konzertmeister sein in (dat) oder bei
    6. ein behagliches etc Leben führen
    7. jemandem etwas bereiten: → dance C 1, dog Bes Redew
    8. einen Zeugen durch Suggestivfragen lenken
    9. eine Karte, Farbe etc aus-, anspielen
    10. Boxen: einen Schlag führen
    D v/i
    1. führen:
    a) vorangehen, den Weg weisen (auch fig)
    b) die erste oder leitende Stelle einnehmen, Führer sein
    c) SPORT an der Spitze oder in Führung liegen:
    lead by points nach Punkten führen
    2. führen (Straße, Gang etc):
    lead into münden in (akk);
    lead off abgehen von;
    lead to fig führen zu, zur Folge haben; → Rome A
    3. Boxen: (zu schlagen) beginnen:
    4. lead with (Journalismus) etwas als Aufmacher bringen
    5. lead with → C 9
    lead2 [led]
    A s
    1. CHEM Blei n:
    (as) heavy as lead bleischwer, schwer wie Blei (Sack, Füße etc); → balloon A 1
    2. SCHIFF Senkblei n, Lot n:
    cast ( oder heave) the lead das Lot auswerfen, loten;
    swing the lead Br sl sich (vor oder von der Arbeit) drücken, besonders krankmachen, krankfeiern umg
    3. Blei n, Kugeln pl (Geschosse)
    4. CHEM Grafit m, Reißblei n
    5. (Bleistift) Mine f:
    put lead in sb’s pencil umg hum jemandes Manneskraft stärken
    6. TYPO Durchschuss m
    7. Fensterblei n, Bleifassung f
    8. pl Br
    a) bleierne Dachplatten pl
    b) (flaches) Bleidach
    9. → white lead
    B v/t
    1. verbleien:
    leaded verbleit, (Benzin auch) bleihaltig
    2. a) mit Blei füllen
    b) mit Blei beschweren
    3. Fensterglas in Blei fassen:
    leaded window Bleiglasfenster n;
    leaded lights pl Bleiverglasung f
    4. TYPO durchschießen
    C v/i SCHIFF loten
    * * *
    I noun
    1) (metal) Blei, das

    go down like a lead balloon — mit Pauken und Trompeten durchfallen (ugs.); [Rede, Vorschlag usw.:] überhaupt nicht ankommen

    2) (in pencil) [Bleistift]mine, die
    II 1. transitive verb,

    lead somebody by the nose — (fig.) jemanden nach seiner Pfeife tanzen lassen

    lead somebody into trouble — (fig.) jemandem Ärger einbringen

    this is leading us nowhere — (fig.) das führt zu nichts

    2) (fig.): (influence, induce)

    lead somebody to do something — jemanden veranlassen, etwas zu tun

    that leads me to believe that... — das lässt mich glauben, dass...

    he led me to suppose/believe that... — er gab mir Grund zu der Annahme/er machte mich glauben, dass...

    3) führen [Leben]

    lead a life of misery/a miserable existence — ein erbärmliches Dasein führen/eine kümmerliche Existenz fristen

    4) (be first in) anführen

    Smith led Jones by several yards/seconds — (Sport) Smith hatte mehrere Yards/Sekunden Vorsprung vor Jones

    5) (direct, be head of) anführen [Bewegung, Abordnung]; leiten [Diskussion, Veranstaltung, Ensemble]; [Dirigent:] leiten [Orchester, Chor]; [Konzertmeister:] führen [Orchester]

    lead a party — Vorsitzender/Vorsitzende einer Partei sein

    2. intransitive verb,
    1) [Straße usw., Tür:] führen

    lead to the town/to the sea — zur Stadt/ans Meer führen

    2) (be first) führen; (go in front) vorangehen; (fig.): (be leader) an der Spitze stehen

    lead by 3 metres — mit 3 Metern in Führung liegen; 3 Meter Vorsprung haben

    3. noun
    1) (precedent) Beispiel, das; (clue) Anhaltspunkt, der

    follow somebody's lead, take one's lead from somebody — jemandes Beispiel (Dat.) folgen

    2) (first place) Führung, die

    be in the lead — in Führung liegen; an der Spitze liegen

    move or go into the lead, take the lead — sich an die Spitze setzen; in Führung gehen

    3) (amount, distance) Vorsprung, der
    4) (on dog etc.) Leine, die
    5) (Electr.) Kabel, das; Leitung, die
    6) (Theatre) Hauptrolle, die; (player) Hauptdarsteller, der/-darstellerin, die
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    (editorial) n.
    Leitartikel m. n.
    Blei nur sing. n. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: led)
    = anführen v.
    führen v.
    leiten v.
    vorangehen v.

    English-german dictionary > lead

  • 10 lead

    I
    1. li:d past tense, past participle - led; verb
    1) (to guide or direct or cause to go in a certain direction: Follow my car and I'll lead you to the motorway; She took the child by the hand and led him across the road; He was leading the horse into the stable; The sound of hammering led us to the garage; You led us to believe that we would be paid!) llevar, conducir
    2) (to go or carry to a particular place or along a particular course: A small path leads through the woods.) llevar
    3) ((with to) to cause or bring about a certain situation or state of affairs: The heavy rain led to serious floods.) ocasionar
    4) (to be first (in): An official car led the procession; He is still leading in the competition.) liderar
    5) (to live (a certain kind of life): She leads a pleasant existence on a Greek island.) llevar

    2. noun
    1) (the front place or position: He has taken over the lead in the race.) delantera
    2) (the state of being first: We have a lead over the rest of the world in this kind of research.) liderato
    3) (the act of leading: We all followed his lead.) liderazgo
    4) (the amount by which one is ahead of others: He has a lead of twenty metres (over the man in second place).) ventaja
    5) (a leather strap or chain for leading a dog etc: All dogs must be kept on a lead.) correa
    6) (a piece of information which will help to solve a mystery etc: The police have several leads concerning the identity of the thief.) pista
    7) (a leading part in a play etc: Who plays the lead in that film?) primer papel, papel principal, papel protagonista
    •
    - leadership
    - lead on
    - lead up the garden path
    - lead up to
    - lead the way
    II led noun
    1) ((also adjective) (of) an element, a soft, heavy, bluish-grey metal: lead pipes; Are these pipes made of lead or copper?) plomo
    2) (the part of a pencil that leaves a mark: The lead of my pencil has broken.) mina
    •
    lead1 n
    1. mina
    2. plomo
    lead2 n
    1. ventaja
    2. delantera
    who's in the lead? ¿quién lleva la delantera? / ¿quién va ganando?
    3. papel principal
    4. correa
    where's the dog's lead? ¿dónde está la correa del perro?
    5. cable eléctrico
    lead3 vb
    1. llevar / conducir
    where does this path lead? ¿adónde conduce este sendero?
    2. dirigir / liderar
    3. ir primero / ganar / llevar la delantera
    to lead a... life llevar una vida...
    El pasado y participio pasado de lead es led; se pronuncia más o menos lid, con una i larga
    tr[led]
    1 (metal) plomo
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    lead poisoning saturnismo
    ————————
    tr[liːd]
    transitive verb (pt & pp lead tr[led])
    1 (guide) llevar, conducir
    2 (be leader of) liderar, dirigir
    3 (be first in) ocupar el primer puesto en
    4 (influence) llevar
    5 (life) llevar
    6 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (orchestra) ser el primer violín de
    7 (us mus) dirigir
    8 (cards) salir con
    1 (road) conducir, llevar (to, a)
    2 (command) tener el mando
    3 (go first) ir primero,-a; (in race) llevar la delantera
    4 (cards) salir
    1 (front position) delantera
    2 SMALLSPORT/SMALL liderato (difference) ventaja
    3 SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL primer papel nombre masculino
    4 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (for dog) correa
    5 SMALLELECTRICITY/SMALL cable nombre masculino
    6 (clue) pista
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to be in the lead ir en cabeza
    to follow somebody's lead seguir el ejemplo de alguien
    to lead a dog's life llevar una vida de perros
    to lead somebody to believe something llevar a alguien a creer algo
    to lead the way enseñar el camino
    to take the lead (in race) tomar la delantera 2 (in score) adelantarse en el marcador
    lead time tiempo de planificación y producción
    lead ['li:d] vt, led ['lɛd] ; leading
    1) guide: conducir, llevar, guiar
    2) direct: dirigir
    3) head: encabezar, ir al frente de
    4)
    to lead to : resultar en, llevar a
    it only leads to trouble: sólo resulta en problemas
    lead n
    : delantera f, primer lugar m
    to take the lead: tomar la delantera
    lead ['lɛd] n
    1) : plomo m (metal)
    2) : mina f (de lápiz)
    3)
    lead poisoning : saturnismo m
    n.
    n.
    • regleta s.f.
    adj.
    • de plomo adj.
    n.
    • avance s.m.
    • delantera s.f.
    • liderato s.m.
    • mando s.m.
    • plomo (Química) s.m.
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: led) = acaudillar v.
    • adiestrar v.
    • aportar v.
    • capitanear v.
    • carear v.
    • comandar v.
    • conducir v.
    • dirigir v.
    • encabezar v.
    • gobernar v.
    • guiar v.
    • mandar v.
    v.
    • emplomar v.

    I
    1) noun
    2) led
    u ( metal) plomo m

    as heavy as lead: my feet felt as heavy as lead los pies me pesaban como (un) plomo; (before n) lead crystal cristal m ( que contiene óxido de plomo y es muy preciado); lead poisoning — intoxicación f por plomo; ( chronic disease) saturnismo m

    3) c u ( in pencil) mina f; (before n)

    lead pencil — lápiz m (de mina)

    ( in competition) (no pl)

    to be in/hold the lead — llevar/conservar la delantera

    to move into the lead, to take the lead — tomar la delantera

    she has a lead of 20 meters/points over her nearest rival — le lleva 20 metros/puntos de ventaja a su rival más cercano

    5) (example, leadership) (no pl) ejemplo m

    to give a lead — dar* (el) ejemplo

    to follow o take somebody's lead — seguir* el ejemplo de alguien

    6) c ( clue) pista f
    7) c
    a) ( for dog) (BrE) correa f, traílla f
    b) ( Elec) cable m
    8) c
    a) ( main role) papel m principal

    the male/female lead — ( role) el papel principal masculino/femenino; ( person) el primer actor/la primera actriz

    b) ( Mus) solista mf

    to sing/play (the) lead — ser* la voz/el músico solista; (before n) <guitar, singer> principal

    9) c ( cards) (no pl)

    it was her lead — salía ella, ella era mano


    II
    1. liːd
    (past & past p led) transitive verb
    1)
    a) (guide, conduct) \<\<person/animal\>\> llevar, guiar*

    to lead somebody TO something/somebody — conducir* or llevar a alguien a algo/ante alguien

    to lead somebody away/off — llevarse a alguien

    lead the way! — ve tú delante or (esp AmL) adelante!

    b) (to a particular state, course of action)

    to lead somebody into temptation — hacer* caer a alguien en la tentación

    to lead somebody TO something/+ INF: this led me to the conclusion that... esto me hizo llegar a la conclusión de que...; what led you to resign? ¿qué te llevó a dimitir?; I was led to believe that... — me dieron a entender que...

    c) ( influence)
    2) (head, have charge of) \<\<discussion\>\> conducir*; \<\<orchestra\>\> ( conduct) (AmE) dirigir*; ( play first violin in) (BrE) ser* el primer violín de
    3)
    a) ( be at front of) \<\<parade/attack\>\> encabezar*, ir* al frente de
    b) (in race, competition) \<\<opponent\>\> aventajar

    they led the opposing team by ten points — aventajaban al equipo contrario por diez puntos, le llevaban diez puntos de ventaja al equipo contrario

    to lead the field — ( Sport) ir* en cabeza or a la cabeza, llevar la delantera

    4) \<\<life\>\> llevar
    5) ( play) \<\<trumps/hearts\>\> salir* con

    2.
    vi
    1)

    to lead TO something — \<\<road/path/steps\>\> llevar or conducir* or dar* a algo; \<\<door\>\> dar* a algo

    2)
    a) (be, act as leader)

    you lead, we'll follow — ve delante or (esp AmL) adelante, que te seguimos

    b) (in race, competition) \<\<competitor\>\> ir* a la cabeza, puntear (AmL)
    3)
    a) ( Journ)

    `The Times' leads with the budget deficit — `The Times' dedica su artículo de fondo al déficit presupuestario

    b) ( in cards) salir*, ser* mano
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    I [led]
    1.
    N (=metal) plomo m ; (in pencil) mina f ; (Naut) sonda f, escandallo m

    my limbs felt like lead or as heavy as lead — los brazos y las piernas me pesaban como plomo

    - swing the lead
    2.

    lead acetate N — acetato m de plomo

    lead crystal N — cristal m (que contiene óxido de plomo)

    lead oxide N — óxido m de plomo

    lead paint N — pintura f a base de plomo

    lead pipe N — tubería f de plomo

    lead poisoning N — saturnismo m, plumbismo m, intoxicación f por el plomo

    lead replacement petrol N — (gasolina f) súper f aditiva, (gasolina f) súper f con aditivos

    lead weight N — peso m plomo


    II [liːd] (vb: pt, pp led)
    1. N
    1) (=leading position) (Sport) delantera f, cabeza f ; (=distance, time, points ahead) ventaja f

    • to be in the lead — (gen) ir a la or en cabeza, ir primero; (Sport) llevar la delantera; (in league) ocupar el primer puesto

    • to have two minutes' lead over sb — llevar a algn una ventaja de dos minutos

    • to take the lead — (Sport) tomar la delantera; (=take the initiative) tomar la iniciativa

    2) (=example) ejemplo m

    • to follow sb's lead — seguir el ejemplo de algn

    • to give sb a lead — guiar a algn, dar el ejemplo a algn, mostrar el camino a algn

    3) (=clue) pista f, indicación f

    • to follow up a lead — seguir or investigar una pista

    4) (Theat) papel m principal; (in opera) voz f cantante; (=person) primer actor m, primera actriz f

    • to play the lead — tener el papel principal

    • to sing the lead — llevar la voz cantante

    • with Greta Garbo in the lead — con Greta Garbo en el primer papel

    5) (=leash) cuerda f, traílla f, correa f (LAm)

    • dogs must be kept on a lead — los perros deben llevarse con traílla

    6) (Elec) cable m
    7) (Cards)

    whose lead is it? — ¿quién sale?, ¿quién es mano?

    it's my lead — soy mano, salgo yo

    it's your lead — tú eres mano, sales tú

    • if the lead is in hearts — si la salida es a corazones

    8) (Press) primer párrafo m, entrada f
    2. VT
    1) (=conduct) llevar, conducir

    • to lead sb to a table — conducir a algn a una mesa

    what led you to Venice? — ¿qué te llevó a Venecia?, ¿con qué motivo fuiste a Venecia?

    • this discussion is leading us nowhere — esta discusión no nos lleva a ninguna parte

    • to lead the way — (lit) ir primero; (fig) mostrar el camino, dar el ejemplo

    2) (=be the leader of) [+ government] dirigir, encabezar; [+ party] encabezar, ser jefe de; [+ expedition, regiment] mandar; [+ discussion] conducir; [+ team] capitanear; [+ league] ir a la or en cabeza de, encabezar, ocupar el primer puesto en; [+ procession] ir a la or en cabeza de, encabezar; [+ orchestra] (Brit) ser el primer violín en; (US) dirigir
    3) (=be first in)

    • to lead the field — (Sport) ir a la cabeza, llevar la delantera

    • Britain led the world in textiles — Inglaterra era el líder mundial en la industria textil

    4) (=be in front of) [+ opponent] aventajar

    • Roberts leads Brown by four games to one — Roberts le aventaja a Brown por cuatro juegos a uno

    5) [+ life, existence] llevar

    • to lead a busy life — llevar una vida muy ajetreada

    to lead a full life — llevar or tener una vida muy activa, llevar or tener una vida llena de actividades

    dance 1., 1), life 1., 3)
    6) (=influence)

    to lead sb to do sth — llevar or inducir or mover a algn a hacer algo

    • we were led to believe that... — nos hicieron creer que...

    • what led you to this conclusion? — ¿qué te hizo llegar a esta conclusión?

    • he is easily led — es muy sugestionable

    • to lead sb into error — inducir a algn a error

    3. VI
    1) (=go in front) ir primero
    2) (in match, race) llevar la delantera

    he is leading by an hour/ten metres — lleva una hora/diez metros de ventaja

    3) (Cards) ser mano, salir

    you lead — sales tú, tú eres mano

    4) (=be in control) estar al mando
    5)

    • to lead to — [street, corridor] conducir a; [door] dar a

    this street leads to the station — esta calle conduce a la estación, por esta calle se va a la estación

    this street leads to the main square — esta calle sale a or desemboca en la plaza principal

    6) (=result in)

    • to lead to — llevar a

    one thing led to another... — una cosa nos/los etc llevó a otra...

    4.
    CPD

    lead story N — reportaje m principal

    lead time N — plazo m de entrega

    * * *

    I
    1) noun
    2) [led]
    u ( metal) plomo m

    as heavy as lead: my feet felt as heavy as lead los pies me pesaban como (un) plomo; (before n) lead crystal cristal m ( que contiene óxido de plomo y es muy preciado); lead poisoning — intoxicación f por plomo; ( chronic disease) saturnismo m

    3) c u ( in pencil) mina f; (before n)

    lead pencil — lápiz m (de mina)

    4) [liːd]
    ( in competition) (no pl)

    to be in/hold the lead — llevar/conservar la delantera

    to move into the lead, to take the lead — tomar la delantera

    she has a lead of 20 meters/points over her nearest rival — le lleva 20 metros/puntos de ventaja a su rival más cercano

    5) (example, leadership) (no pl) ejemplo m

    to give a lead — dar* (el) ejemplo

    to follow o take somebody's lead — seguir* el ejemplo de alguien

    6) c ( clue) pista f
    7) c
    a) ( for dog) (BrE) correa f, traílla f
    b) ( Elec) cable m
    8) c
    a) ( main role) papel m principal

    the male/female lead — ( role) el papel principal masculino/femenino; ( person) el primer actor/la primera actriz

    b) ( Mus) solista mf

    to sing/play (the) lead — ser* la voz/el músico solista; (before n) <guitar, singer> principal

    9) c ( cards) (no pl)

    it was her lead — salía ella, ella era mano


    II
    1. [liːd]
    (past & past p led) transitive verb
    1)
    a) (guide, conduct) \<\<person/animal\>\> llevar, guiar*

    to lead somebody TO something/somebody — conducir* or llevar a alguien a algo/ante alguien

    to lead somebody away/off — llevarse a alguien

    lead the way! — ve tú delante or (esp AmL) adelante!

    b) (to a particular state, course of action)

    to lead somebody into temptation — hacer* caer a alguien en la tentación

    to lead somebody TO something/+ INF: this led me to the conclusion that... esto me hizo llegar a la conclusión de que...; what led you to resign? ¿qué te llevó a dimitir?; I was led to believe that... — me dieron a entender que...

    c) ( influence)
    2) (head, have charge of) \<\<discussion\>\> conducir*; \<\<orchestra\>\> ( conduct) (AmE) dirigir*; ( play first violin in) (BrE) ser* el primer violín de
    3)
    a) ( be at front of) \<\<parade/attack\>\> encabezar*, ir* al frente de
    b) (in race, competition) \<\<opponent\>\> aventajar

    they led the opposing team by ten points — aventajaban al equipo contrario por diez puntos, le llevaban diez puntos de ventaja al equipo contrario

    to lead the field — ( Sport) ir* en cabeza or a la cabeza, llevar la delantera

    4) \<\<life\>\> llevar
    5) ( play) \<\<trumps/hearts\>\> salir* con

    2.
    vi
    1)

    to lead TO something — \<\<road/path/steps\>\> llevar or conducir* or dar* a algo; \<\<door\>\> dar* a algo

    2)
    a) (be, act as leader)

    you lead, we'll follow — ve delante or (esp AmL) adelante, que te seguimos

    b) (in race, competition) \<\<competitor\>\> ir* a la cabeza, puntear (AmL)
    3)
    a) ( Journ)

    `The Times' leads with the budget deficit — `The Times' dedica su artículo de fondo al déficit presupuestario

    b) ( in cards) salir*, ser* mano
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > lead

  • 11 guardia

    f.
    la vieja guardia the old guard
    guardia Civil Civil Guard, = armed Spanish police force who patrol rural areas and highways, guard public buildings in cities and police borders and coasts
    2 watch, guard (vigilancia).
    en guardia on guard
    montar (la) guardia to mount guard
    aflojar o bajar la guardia to lower o drop one's guard
    3 duty (turno).
    estar de guardia to be on duty
    f. & m.
    1 policeman, (f) policewoman (person).
    guardia civil civil guard
    guardia municipal (local) policeman, f. (local) policewoman
    guardia de seguridad security guard
    guardia de tráfico traffic policeman, f. traffic policewoman
    2 guard, guardsman, watchman.
    3 safeguard, protection, defense, defence.
    * * *
    1 (vigilancia) watch, lookout
    2 (servicio) duty, call
    3 (tropa) guard
    1 (hombre) policeman; (mujer) policewoman
    \
    bajar la guardia to lower one's guard
    estar de guardia (doctor) to be on duty, be on call 2 (soldado) to be on guard duty 3 (marino) to be on watch
    estar en guardia to be on guard
    mantener la guardia to keep watch
    montar la guardia to mount guard
    ponerse en guardia to put oneself on one's guard
    farmacia de guardia duty chemist's
    guardia civil Civil Guard
    guardia de asalto assault guard
    guardia de corps Royal Guard
    guardia de tráfico (hombre) traffic policeman 2 (mujer) traffic policewoman
    guardia urbano,-a (hombre) policeman 2 (mujer) policewoman
    médico de guardia doctor on duty
    * * *
    noun mf.
    2) policeman / policewoman
    * * *
    1.
    SMF (=policía) policeman/policewoman; (Mil) guardsman

    guardia civil — civil guard, police corps with responsibilities outside towns or cities

    guardia de tráfico — traffic policeman/policewoman

    guardia forestal — (forest) ranger, warden

    guardia municipal, guardia urbano/a — police officer ( of the city or town police)

    guardias de asalto — riot police; (Mil) shock troops

    2. SF
    1) (=vigilancia)

    • estar de guardia — [empleado, enfermero, médico] to be on duty; [soldado] to be on sentry duty, be on guard duty; (Náut) to be on watch

    médico de guardia — doctor on duty, duty doctor

    oficial de guardia — officer on duty, duty officer

    puesto de guardia — (Mil) guard post, sentry box

    • hacer guardia — [médico, empleado] to be on duty; [soldado] to do guard duty, do sentry duty

    • montar guardia — to stand guard

    montar la guardia — (=empezarla) to mount guard

    • relevar la guardia — to change guard

    - poner a algn en guardia contra algo
    farmacia, juzgado
    2) (tb: turno de guardia) [de médico, enfermera] shift; [de soldado] duty session
    3) (Esgrima) (=posición) guard, garde

    estar en guardia — to be on guard, be en garde

    4) (=cuerpo) (Mil) guard

    guardia de honor — guard of honour, guard of honor (EEUU)

    guardia municipal — city police, town police

    Guardia Nacional — Nic, Pan National Guard, Army

    guardia pretoriana — ( Hist) Praetorian Guard; pey corps of bodyguards

    guardia urbana — city police, town police

    GUARDIA CIVIL The Guardia Civil, commonly referred to as la Benemérita, is the oldest of Spain's various police forces. A paramilitary force like the French Gendarmerie, it was set up in 1844 to combat banditry in rural areas, but was also used as an instrument of repression in the cities. Under Franco it was resented by many as an oppressive, reactionary force, and was especially hated in the Basque Country. With the return of democracy, Franco's despised Policía Armada were reformed as the Policía Nacional, and the present-day role of the Guardia Civil was redefined. They are mainly stationed in rural areas, and their duties include policing highways and frontiers and taking part in anti-terrorist operations. Their traditional tunics and capes have been replaced by a green uniform, and the famous black patent-leather three-cornered hats are now reserved for ceremonial occasions.
    See:
    * * *
    I
    1)

    estar de guardia — soldado to be on guard duty; médico to be on duty o call; empleado to be on duty; marino to be on watch

    montaban or hacían guardia frente al palacio — they were standing guard in front of the palace

    bajar la guardia — to lower one's guard

    con la guardia baja — with one's guard down

    estar en guardia — to be on one's guard

    poner en guardia a alguien — to warn somebody

    ponerse en guardia: se han puesto en guardia contra posibles fraudes — they are on the alert for fraud

    2) ( cuerpo militar) guard
    •
    II
    (m) policeman; (f) policewoman
    * * *
    = guard, patrolman, watch.
    Ex. This article reports on the results of a survey measuring student library users' perception of the effectiveness of using guards in the library.
    Ex. Arabs who played a role in the Holocaust included those who personally took part in the persecution of Jews, and patrolmen who tracked down Jewish escapees from forced labor camps.
    Ex. During his watch, the US economy as well as the global monetary situation have been thrown into a precarious situation.
    ----
    * bajar la guardia = lower + Posesivo + guard.
    * cambio de la guardia = changing of the guard.
    * de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on standby, on call.
    * de la vieja guardia = old-style.
    * estar en guardia = be on guard (against), be on + Posesivo + guard.
    * farmacia de guardia = emergency pharmacy.
    * guardia de honor = guard of honour.
    * guardia del alba = morning watch.
    * guardia de seguridad = security guard.
    * Guardia Nacional, la = National Guard, the.
    * poner a Alguien en guardia = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.
    * relevo de la guardia = changing of the guard.
    * servicio en la Guardia Nacional = National Guard duty.
    * turno de guardia = guard duty.
    * vieja guardia, la = old guard, the.
    * * *
    I
    1)

    estar de guardia — soldado to be on guard duty; médico to be on duty o call; empleado to be on duty; marino to be on watch

    montaban or hacían guardia frente al palacio — they were standing guard in front of the palace

    bajar la guardia — to lower one's guard

    con la guardia baja — with one's guard down

    estar en guardia — to be on one's guard

    poner en guardia a alguien — to warn somebody

    ponerse en guardia: se han puesto en guardia contra posibles fraudes — they are on the alert for fraud

    2) ( cuerpo militar) guard
    •
    II
    (m) policeman; (f) policewoman
    * * *
    = guard, patrolman, watch.

    Ex: This article reports on the results of a survey measuring student library users' perception of the effectiveness of using guards in the library.

    Ex: Arabs who played a role in the Holocaust included those who personally took part in the persecution of Jews, and patrolmen who tracked down Jewish escapees from forced labor camps.
    Ex: During his watch, the US economy as well as the global monetary situation have been thrown into a precarious situation.
    * bajar la guardia = lower + Posesivo + guard.
    * cambio de la guardia = changing of the guard.
    * de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on standby, on call.
    * de la vieja guardia = old-style.
    * estar en guardia = be on guard (against), be on + Posesivo + guard.
    * farmacia de guardia = emergency pharmacy.
    * guardia de honor = guard of honour.
    * guardia del alba = morning watch.
    * guardia de seguridad = security guard.
    * Guardia Nacional, la = National Guard, the.
    * poner a Alguien en guardia = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.
    * relevo de la guardia = changing of the guard.
    * servicio en la Guardia Nacional = National Guard duty.
    * turno de guardia = guard duty.
    * vieja guardia, la = old guard, the.

    * * *
    A
    1
    (vigilancia): estar de guardia «soldado» to be on guard duty;
    «médico» to be on duty o call; «empleado» to be on duty; «marino» to be on watch
    la farmacia de guardia the duty pharmacy o ( BrE) chemist
    montaban guardia frente al palacio they were standing guard in front of the palace
    bajar la guardia (en boxeo) to lower one's guard; (descuidarse) to lower one's guard; (ceder) to let up, slacken in one's efforts
    con la guardia baja with one's guard down
    estar en guardia to be on one's guard
    hacerle la guardia a algn (CS); to keep a lookout o an eye out for sb
    poner a algn/ponerse en guardia: me puso en guardia contra los peligros de la expedición she warned me of the dangers of the expedition
    se han puesto en guardia contra posibles fraudes they are on the alert o on their guard against possible frauds
    prestar or hacer guardia «soldado» to do guard duty;
    «marino» to be on watch; «médico» to be on duty o call
    3
    (en esgrima): en guardia on guard, en garde
    cambio de guardia changing of the guard
    relevar la guardia to relieve the guard
    hacer la guardia ( Chi); to do military service
    Compuestos:
    feminine Civil Guard Guardia Civil (↑ guardia a1)
    feminine coastguard service
    feminine guard of honor
    feminine mounted guard, horse guard
    ● guardia municipal or urbana
    feminine royal guard
    feminine Swiss Guard
    ( masculine) police officer, policeman; ( feminine) police officer, policewoman
    Compuestos:
    masculine and feminine security guard
    masculine and feminine, ( masculine) traffic policeman; ( feminine) traffic policewoman
    masculine and feminine security guard
    ● guardia municipal or urbano
    masculine ( Esp) speed bump, sleeping policeman ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    guardia sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) ( vigilancia):



    [ médico] to be on duty o call;
    [ empleado] to be on duty;
    [ marino] to be on watch;

    poner en guardia a algn to warn sb
    b) ( en esgrima):


    2 ( cuerpo militar) guard;

    Gguardia Civil Civil Guard;
    guardia municipal or urbana police ( mainly involved in traffic duties)
    3
    ◊ guardia sustantivo masculino y femenino (sustantivo masculino) policeman;


    (sustantivo femenino) policewoman
    guardia
    I sustantivo femenino
    1 (custodia, vigilancia) watch: montaba guardia bajo su ventana, he kept watch under her window
    2 (cuerpo armado) guard: pertenece a la Guardia Real, he's in the Royal Guard
    3 (turno de servicio) duty
    Mil guard duty: mañana estaré de guardia, I'll be on guard duty tomorrow
    farmacia de guardia, GB duty chemist, US pharmacy on duty
    II mf (hombre) policeman
    (mujer) policewoman
    ♦ Locuciones: bajar la guardia, to lower one's guard
    poner en guardia, to be on guard
    juzgado de guardia, police court
    ' guardia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    juzgado
    - alerta
    - caseta
    - casilla
    - civil
    - farmacia
    - pitar
    - porra
    - reforzar
    - relevar
    English:
    before
    - call
    - coastguard
    - constable
    - duty
    - duty chemist
    - guard
    - lookout
    - watch
    - speed
    - standby
    - while
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [conjunto de personas] guard;
    la vieja guardia the old guard;
    el cambio de guardia the changing of the guard
    Guardia Civil Civil Guard, = armed Spanish police force who patrol rural areas and highways, guard public buildings in cities and police borders and coasts;
    guardia costera coastguard service;
    guardia fronteriza border guard;
    guardia de honor guard of honour;
    la guardia municipal the local police;
    Guardia Nacional National Guard;
    guardia pretoriana Hist Praetorian Guard;
    Fig phalanx of bodyguards;
    guardia real royal guard;
    la Guardia Suiza the Swiss Guard;
    la guardia urbana the local police
    2. [vigilancia] watch, guard;
    también Fig
    aflojar o [m5] bajar la guardia to lower o drop one's guard;
    de guardia on guard;
    me quedé de guardia toda la noche I stayed up watching all night;
    ¡en guardia! en garde!;
    hacer guardia to stand guard;
    montar (la) guardia to mount guard;
    poner a alguien en guardia to put sb on their guard;
    ponerse en guardia [en boxeo] to raise one's guard
    3. [turno] shift;
    este mes hice cinco guardias [médico] I've done five shifts this month;
    [soldado] I've done five turns at guard duty this month;
    le atenderá el médico de guardia the doctor on duty o duty doctor will see you;
    estar de guardia [médico] to be on duty o call;
    [farmacia] to be open 24 hours [on a given day]
    ♦ nmf
    1. [agente] policeman, f policewoman
    guardia civil civil guard;
    guardia municipal (local) policeman, f (local) policewoman;
    guardia de tráfico traffic policeman, f traffic policewoman;
    guardia urbano (local) policeman, f (local) policewoman
    2. [centinela] guard
    guardia jurado security guard;
    guardia de seguridad security guard
    * * *
    I f
    1 guard;
    bajar la guardia fig lower one’s guard;
    poner a alguien en guardia put s.o. on their guard;
    la vieja guardia fig the old guard
    2
    :
    de guardia on duty
    II m/f
    1 MIL guard
    2 ( policía) police officer
    * * *
    1) : guard, defense
    2) : guard duty, watch
    3)
    en guardia : on guard
    guardia nmf
    1) : sentry, guardsman, guard
    2) : police officer, policeman m, policewoman f
    * * *
    1. (cuerpo) guard
    2. (policía) policeman [pl. policemen] / policewoman [pl. policewomen]
    Se refiere al cuerpo de policía; una mujer policía se llama policewoman [pl. policewomen]
    guardia urbano policeman [pl. policemen]

    Spanish-English dictionary > guardia

  • 12 mando

    m.
    1 command, authority.
    estar al mando (de) to be in charge (of)
    2 control (device).
    mando automático/a distancia automatic/remote control
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: mandar.
    * * *
    1 (autoridad) command
    2 (período) term of office
    3 (persona) person in charge; (oficial) officer
    4 (botón) control
    \
    ejercer el mando to be in charge
    estar al mando de to be in charge of
    alto mando high-ranking officer
    mandos intermedios middle management
    mandos militares military officers
    mandos policiales police officers
    mando a distancia (sistema) remote control 2 (aparato) remote control unit
    * * *
    noun m.
    •
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=poder) command

    • al mando de — [+ pelotón, flota] in command of; [+ asociación, expedición, país] in charge of; [+ capitán, jefe] under the command o orders of, led by

    con ella al mando, mejorarán las cosas — with her in charge, things will get better

    estuvo al mando del país durante muchos años — he was in power for many years, he led the country for many years

    las tropas estaban al mando de un general extranjero — the troops were under the command o orders of a foreign general o were led by a foreign general

    • alto mando — high command

    • tomar el mando — (Mil) to take command; (Dep) to take the lead

    dote 2), voz 3)
    2) [de máquina, vehículo] control

    • a los mandos de algo — at the controls of sth

    • cuadro de mandos — control panel

    • mando a la izquierda — left-hand drive

    • palanca de mando — [de máquina] control lever; [de avión] joystick

    • tablero de mandos — control panel

    3) (=período de mando) term of office
    4) pl mandos (=autoridades) (Mil) high-ranking officers, senior officers; (Pol) high-ranking members, senior members

    mandos intermedios, mandos medios — LAm (Com) middle management

    mandos militares — high-ranking officers, senior officers

    * * *
    1)
    a) (Gob, Mil) command
    b)
    2) (Dep) lead
    3) (Auto, Elec) control
    •
    * * *
    ----
    * al mando = in the saddle.
    * al mando (de) = at the helm (of), in charge (of).
    * bastón de mando = gavel, ceremonial staff, staff.
    * cadena de mando = chain of command, line of command, scalar chain of authority, scalar chain of command, scalar chain.
    * Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) = Balanced Scorecard (BSC).
    * cuadro de mandos = circuit board, dashboard.
    * cuartillo de mandos eléctricos = electrical closet.
    * en el mando = at the wheel.
    * línea de mando = line of authority, line of command.
    * llevar el mando = rule + the roost.
    * mando a distancia = remote control, remote controller.
    * mando militar = military command.
    * palanca de mando = joystick.
    * poner a Alguien al mando de = put + Nombre + in charge of.
    * seguir con el mando = stay in + control.
    * tablero de mandos = dashboard.
    * tener el mando = rule + the roost.
    * tomar el mando = take + the helm.
    * tomar el relevo en el mando = take over + the helm.
    * vara de mando = ceremonial staff.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Gob, Mil) command
    b)
    2) (Dep) lead
    3) (Auto, Elec) control
    •
    * * *
    * al mando = in the saddle.
    * al mando (de) = at the helm (of), in charge (of).
    * bastón de mando = gavel, ceremonial staff, staff.
    * cadena de mando = chain of command, line of command, scalar chain of authority, scalar chain of command, scalar chain.
    * Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) = Balanced Scorecard (BSC).
    * cuadro de mandos = circuit board, dashboard.
    * cuartillo de mandos eléctricos = electrical closet.
    * en el mando = at the wheel.
    * línea de mando = line of authority, line of command.
    * llevar el mando = rule + the roost.
    * mando a distancia = remote control, remote controller.
    * mando militar = military command.
    * palanca de mando = joystick.
    * poner a Alguien al mando de = put + Nombre + in charge of.
    * seguir con el mando = stay in + control.
    * tablero de mandos = dashboard.
    * tener el mando = rule + the roost.
    * tomar el mando = take + the helm.
    * tomar el relevo en el mando = take over + the helm.
    * vara de mando = ceremonial staff.
    * * *
    A
    1 ( Gob, Mil) command
    el mando supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas the supreme command of the Armed Forces
    tiene dotes de mando she has leadership qualities
    entregó el mando a su sucesor he handed over command to his successor
    las cosas van a cambiar con ella al mando things are going to change now she's in charge o ( colloq) in the saddle
    2
    al mando de algo in charge of sth
    quedó/lo pusieron al mando de la empresa he was put in charge of the company
    la expedición iba al mando de un conocido científico the expedition was led by a well-known scientist
    Compuestos:
    mpl military commanders (pl)
    B ( Dep) lead
    tomar el mando to take the lead
    C ( Auto, Elec) control; (de TV, DVD) remote control
    Compuesto:
    remote control
    * * *

     

    Del verbo mandar: ( conjugate mandar)

    mando es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    mandó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    mandar    
    mando
    mandar ( conjugate mandar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ( ordenar):


    haz lo que te mandan do as you're told;
    la mandó callar he told o ordered her to be quiet;
    mandó que sirvieran la comida she ordered lunch to be served


    2 ( enviar) to send;

    3 (AmL) ( tratándose de encargos):

    mandó decir que … she sent a message to say that …;
    mando algo a arreglar to get o have sth mended
    4 (AmL fam) (arrojar, lanzar):
    ◊ mandó la pelota fuera de la cancha he kicked/sent/hit the ball out of play

    verbo intransitivo ( ser el jefe) to be in charge, be the boss (colloq);
    ◊ ¿mande? (Méx) (I'm) sorry?, pardon?;

    ¡María! — ¿mande? (Méx) María! — yes?
    mando sustantivo masculino
    1 ( en general) command;

    dotes de mando leadership qualities;
    estar al mando (de algo) to be in charge (of sth)
    2 (Auto, Elec) control;

    mandar verbo transitivo
    1 (dar órdenes) to order: me mandó barrer el suelo, she told me to sweep the floor
    2 (remitir) to send: le mandaré unas flores, I'll send him some flowers
    te manda saludos, she sends you her regards
    mándalo por correo, send it by post
    nos mandaron a por unos huevos, they sent us for some eggs
    3 (capitanear, dirigir) to lead, be in charge o command of
    Mil to command
    mando sustantivo masculino
    1 (autoridad) command, control: ahora es él quien tiene el mando, now he's the one in charge
    es una decisión de los altos mandos, the decision comes from the top
    2 Téc (control) controls pl: los mandos no responden, the controls don't respond
    Auto cuadro o tablero de mandos, dashboard
    mando a distancia, remote control
    ' mando' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dirigir
    - dote
    - gobierno
    - mandar
    - puente
    - puesta
    - puesto
    - timón
    - alto
    - comandante
    - comando
    - cuadro
    - don
    - mismo
    - palanca
    - recado
    English:
    assume
    - blow
    - bridge
    - busywork
    - charge
    - command
    - command post
    - control
    - joystick
    - limber up
    - remote control
    - roost
    - take over
    - under
    - cock
    - commanding
    - dual
    - flight
    - follow
    - joy
    - lead
    - leadership
    - pack
    - posse
    - remote
    * * *
    mando nm
    1. [poder] command, authority;
    entregar el mando to hand over command;
    estar al mando (de) to be in charge (of);
    el grupo de rescate está al mando de un capitán the rescue group are under the command of a captain;
    tomar el mando (de) to take command o control (of)
    2. [jefe]
    el alto mando the high command;
    los mandos [militares] the command;
    los mandos policiales se reunieron para discutir la visita papal senior police officers met to discuss the Pope's visit;
    mandos intermedios middle management
    3. [dispositivo] control;
    tomó los mandos del avión he took the controls of the plane;
    tablero de mandos [de avión] instrument panel;
    [de coche] dashboard mando automático automatic control;
    mando a distancia remote control
    * * *
    m command;
    alto mando high command;
    mando a distancia TV remote control;
    cuadro de mandos AVIA instrument panel;
    estar al mando de be in charge of
    * * *
    mando nm
    1) : command, leadership
    2) : control (for a device)
    mando a distancia: remote control
    3)
    al mando de : in charge of
    4)
    al mando de : under the command of
    * * *
    1. (autoridad) command
    2. (dispositivo) control

    Spanish-English dictionary > mando

  • 13 set

    set
    A n
    1 ( collection) (of keys, spanners, screwdrivers) jeu m ; (of golf clubs, stamps, coins, chairs) série f ; ( of cutlery) service m ; ( of encyclopedias) collection f ; fig (of data, rules, instructions, tests) série f ; a set of china un service de table ; a new/clean set of clothes des vêtements neufs/propres ; they're sold in sets of 10 ils sont vendus par lots de 10 ; a set of bills Comm, Fin un jeu de connaissements ; a set of fingerprints des empreintes fpl digitales ; a set of stairs un escalier ; a set of traffic lights des feux mpl (de signalisation) ;
    2 (kit, game) a backgammon/chess set un jeu de jacquet/d'échecs ; a magic set une mallette de magie ;
    3 ( pair) a set of sheets une paire de draps ; a set of footprints l'empreinte des deux pieds ; a set of false teeth un dentier ; my top/bottom set ( of false teeth) la partie supérieure/inférieure de mon dentier ; one set of grandparents lives in Canada deux de mes grands-parents habitent au Canada ; both sets of parents agreed with us ses parents comme les miens étaient d'accord avec nous ;
    4 Sport ( in tennis) set m ; ‘set to Miss Wilson’ ‘set Mademoiselle Wilson’ ;
    5 ( television) poste m ; TV set, television set poste de télévision ;
    6 ( group) ( social) monde m ; ( sporting) milieu m ; aristocratic/literary set monde aristocratique/littéraire ; the racing/yachting set le milieu des courses/du yachting ; the smart ou fashionable set les gens à la mode ; he's not part of our set il ne fait pas partie de notre groupe ;
    7 ( scenery) Theat décor m ; Cin, TV plateau m ; on the set Cin, TV sur le plateau ;
    8 Math ensemble m ;
    9 GB Sch (class, group) groupe m ; to be in the top set for maths être dans le groupe des meilleurs en maths ;
    10 ( hair-do) mise f en plis ; to have a shampoo and set se faire faire un shampooing et une mise en plis ;
    11 Mus concert m ;
    12 ( position) ( of sails) réglage m ; you could tell by the set of his jaw that he was stubborn ça se voyait à sa tête qu'il était têtu ;
    13 ( direction) sens m ; the set of the tide/wind le sens de la marée/du vent ;
    14 ( of badger) terrier m ;
    15 Hort plante f à repiquer ;
    16 Hunt ( of hound) arrêt m.
    B adj
    1 ( fixed) ( épith) [pattern, procedure, rule, task] bien déterminé ; [time, price] fixe ; [menu] à prix fixe ; [formula] toute faite ; [idea] arrêté ; I had no set purpose in arranging the meeting je n'avais pas d'objectif précis quand j'ai organisé cette réunion ; set phrase, set expression expression f consacrée, locution f figée ; to be set in one's ideas ou opinions avoir des idées bien arrêtées ; to be set in one's ways avoir ses habitudes ; the weather is set fair le temps est au beau fixe ;
    2 ( stiff) [expression, smile] figé ;
    3 Sch, Univ ( prescribed) [book, text] au programme ; there are five set topics on the history syllabus il y a cinq sujets au programme d'histoire ;
    4 ( ready) ( jamais épith) prêt (for pour) ; to be (all) set to leave/start être prêt à partir/commencer ; they're set to win/lose tout laisse à croire qu'ils vont gagner/perdre ;
    5 ( determined) to be (dead) set against sth/doing être tout à fait contre qch/l'idée de faire ; he's really set against my resigning/marrying il est tout à fait contre ma démission/mon mariage ; to be set on sth/on doing tenir absolument à qch/à faire ;
    6 ( firm) [jam, jelly, honey] épais/épaisse, consistant ; [cement] dur ; [yoghurt] ferme.
    C vtr ( p prés - tt- ; prét, pp set)
    1 (place, position) placer [chair, ornament] (on sur) ; poster [guard, sentry] ; monter, sertir [gem] (in dans) ; to set sth against a wall mettre qch contre un mur [bike, ladder] ; to set sth before sb lit placer qch devant qn [food, plate] ; fig présenter qch à qn [proposals, findings] ; to set sth in the ground enfoncer qch dans le sol [stake] ; to set sth into sth encastrer qch dans qch ; to set sth straight lit ( align) remettre qch droit [painting] ; fig ( tidy) remettre de l'ordre dans qch [papers, room] ; to set sth upright redresser qch ; a house set among the trees une maison située au milieu des arbres ; to set matters ou the record straight fig mettre les choses au point ; a necklace set with rubies un collier incrusté de rubis ; his eyes are set very close together ses yeux sont très rapprochés ;
    2 ( prepare) mettre [table] ; tendre [trap] ; set three places mets trois couverts ; to set the stage ou scene for sth fig préparer le lieu de qch [encounter, match] ; the stage is set for the final tout est prêt pour la finale ; to set one's mark ou stamp on sth laisser sa marque sur qch ;
    3 (affix, establish) fixer [date, deadline, place, price, target] ; lancer [fashion, trend] ; donner [tone] ; établir [precedent, record] ; to set a good/bad example to sb montrer le bon/mauvais exemple à qn ; to set one's sights on viser [championship, job] ;
    4 ( adjust) mettre [qch] à l'heure [clock] ; mettre [alarm clock, burglar alarm] ; programmer [timer, video] ; to set the oven to 180° mettre le four sur 180° ; to set the controls to manual passer au mode manuel ; to set the video to record the film programmer le magnétoscope pour enregistrer le film ; to set the alarm for 7 am mettre le réveil pour 7 heures ; set your watch by mine règle ta montre sur la mienne ; I set the heating to come on at 6 am j'ai réglé le chauffage pour qu'il se mette en route à six heures ; to set the counter back to zero remettre le compteur à zéro ;
    5 ( start) to set sth going mettre qch en marche [machine, motor] ; to set sb laughing/thinking faire rire/réfléchir qn ; to set sb to work doing charger qn de faire ; the noise set the dogs barking le bruit a fait aboyer les chiens ;
    6 (impose, prescribe) [teacher] donner [homework, essay] ; poser [problem] ; créer [crossword puzzle] ; to set an exam préparer les sujets d'examen ; to set a book/subject for study mettre un texte/un sujet au programme ; to set sb the task of doing charger qn de faire ;
    7 Cin, Literat, Theat, TV situer ; to set a book in 1960/New York situer un roman en 1960/à New York ; the film/novel is set in Munich/in the 1950's le film/roman se passe à Munich/dans les années 50 ;
    8 Mus to set sth to music mettre qch en musique [libretto, lyrics] ;
    9 Print composer [text, type] (in en) ;
    10 Med immobiliser, éclisser spec [bone, broken leg] ;
    11 ( style) to set sb's hair faire une mise en plis à qn ; to have one' s hair set se faire faire une mise en plis ;
    12 ( cause to harden) faire prendre [jam, concrete] ;
    13 ( esteem) to set sb above/below sb placer qn au-dessus/en dessous de qn ;
    14 GB Sch grouper [qn] par niveau [pupils].
    D vi ( p prés - tt- ; prét, pp set)
    1 [sun] se coucher ;
    2 ( harden) [jam, concrete] prendre ; [glue] sécher ;
    3 Med [fracture, bone] se ressouder.
    E v refl ( p prés - tt- ; prét, pp set) to set oneself sth se fixer qch [goal, target].
    to be well set-up ○ ( financially) avoir les moyens ○ ; ( physically) [woman] être bien balancé ○ ; to make a (dead) set at sb ○ GB se lancer à la tête de qn ○.
    ■ set about:
    ▶ set about [sth] se mettre à [work, duties] ; to set about doing commencer à faire ; to set about the job ou task ou business of doing commencer à faire ; I know what I want to do but I don't know how to set about it je sais ce que je veux faire mais je ne sais pas comment m'y prendre ;
    ▶ set about [sb] ○ attaquer qn (with avec) ;
    ▶ set [sth] about faire courir [rumour, story] ; to set it about that… faire courir le bruit que…
    ▶ set [sb] against monter qn contre [person] ; to set oneself against sth s'opposer à qch ;
    ▶ set sth against sth ( compare) confronter qch à qch ; you have to set his evidence against what you already know vous devez examiner son témoignage à la lumière de ce que vous savez déjà ; the benefits seem small, set against the risks par rapport aux risques les bénéfices semblent maigres.
    ■ set apart:
    ▶ set [sb/sth] apart distinguer [person, book, film] (from de).
    ■ set aside:
    ▶ set [sth] aside, set aside [sth]
    1 ( put down) poser [qch] de côté [book, knitting] ;
    2 ( reserve) réserver [area, room, time] (for pour) ; mettre [qch] de côté [money, stock] ;
    3 ( disregard) mettre [qch] de côté [differences, prejudices] ;
    4 Admin, Jur ( reject) rejeter [decision, request, verdict] ; casser [judgment, ruling].
    ■ set back:
    ▶ set [sth] back
    1 ( position towards the rear) reculer [chair, table] ; the house is set back from the road la maison est située un peu en retrait de la route ;
    2 ( adjust) retarder [clock, watch] ;
    ▶ set back [sth], set [sth] back ( delay) retarder [production, recovery, work] ;
    ▶ set [sb] back ○ coûter les yeux de la tête à ○ ; that car must have set you back a bit cette voiture a dû te coûter les yeux de la tête ; it set me back 2,000 dollars ça m'a coûté 2 000 dollars.
    ■ set by:
    ▶ set [sth] by, set by [sth] mettre [qch] de côté.
    ■ set down:
    ▶ set [sb/sth] down déposer [passenger] ; poser [suitcases, vase] ;
    ▶ set down [sth], set [sth] down
    1 ( establish) fixer [code of practice, conditions, criteria] ;
    2 ( record) enregistrer [event, fact] ; to set down one' s thoughts (on paper) consigner ses pensées par écrit ;
    3 ( land) poser [helicopter].
    ■ set forth:
    ▶ set forth ( leave) se mettre en route ;
    ▶ set forth [sth] exposer [findings, facts] ; présenter [argument].
    ■ set in:
    ▶ set in [infection, gangrene] se déclarer ; [complications] survenir ; [winter] arriver ; [depression, resentment] s'installer ; the rain has set in for the afternoon la pluie va durer toute l'après-midi ;
    ▶ set [sth] in Sewing rapporter [sleeve].
    ■ set off:
    ▶ set off partir (for pour) ; to set off on a journey/an expedition partir en voyage/expédition ; to set off to do partir faire ; he set off on a long description/story il s'est lancé dans une longue description/histoire ;
    ▶ set [off] sth, set [sth] off
    1 ( trigger) déclencher [alarm] ; faire partir [firework] ; faire exploser [bomb] ; déclencher [riot, row, panic] ;
    2 ( enhance) mettre [qch] en valeur [colour, dress, tan] ;
    3 Fin to set sth off against profits/debts déduire qch des bénéfices/des dettes ;
    ▶ set [sb] off faire pleurer [baby] ; she laughed and that set me off elle a ri et ça m'a fait rire à mon tour ; don't mention politics, you know it always sets him off ne parle pas de politique tu sais bien que quand il est parti on ne peut plus l'arrêter.
    ■ set on:
    ▶ set on [sb] attaquer qn ;
    ▶ set [sth] on sb lâcher [qch] contre qn [dog] ; to set sb onto sb ou sb's track mettre qn sur la piste de qn.
    ■ set out:
    ▶ set out ( leave) se mettre en route (for pour ; to do pour faire) ; we set out from Paris/the house at 9 am nous avons quitté Paris/la maison à 9 heures ; to set out on a journey/an expedition partir en voyage/expédition ; to set out to do ( intend) [book, report, speech] avoir pour but de faire ; [person] chercher à faire ; ( start) commencer à faire ;
    ▶ set [sth] out, set out [sth]
    1 ( spread out) disposer [goods] ; disposer [food] ; étaler [books, papers] ; disposer [chairs] ; préparer [board game] ; disposer [chessmen] ; organiser [information] ;
    2 (state, explain) présenter [conclusions, ideas, proposals] ; formuler [objections, terms].
    ■ set to s'y mettre.
    ■ set up:
    ▶ set up ( establish oneself) [business person, trader] s'établir ; to set up on one's own s'établir à son compte ; to set up (shop) as a decorator/caterer s'établir en tant que décorateur/traiteur ; to set up in business monter une affaire ;
    ▶ set [sth] up, set up [sth]
    1 ( erect) monter [stand, stall] ; assembler [equipment, easel] ; déplier [deckchair] ; ériger [roadblock] ; dresser [statue] ; to set up home ou house s'installer ; to set up camp installer un campement ;
    2 ( prepare) préparer [experiment] ; Sport préparer [goal, try] ;
    3 (found, establish) créer [business, company] ; implanter [factory] ; former [support group, charity] ; constituer [committee, commission] ; ouvrir [fund] ; lancer [initiative, scheme] ;
    4 ( start) provoquer [vibration] ; susciter [reaction] ;
    5 ( organize) organiser [conference, meeting] ; mettre [qch] en place [procedures] ;
    6 Print composer [page] ;
    ▶ set [sb] up
    1 ( establish in business) she set her son up (in business) as a gardener elle a aidé son fils à s'installer comme jardinier ;
    2 (improve one's health, fortune) remettre [qn] sur pied ; there's nothing like a good vacation to set you up rien de tel que de bonnes vacances pour vous remettre sur pied ; that deal has set her up for life grâce à ce contrat elle n'aura plus à se soucier de rien ;
    3 ○ GB ( trap) [police] tendre un piège à [criminal] ; [colleague, friend] monter un coup contre [person] ;
    4 Comput installer, configurer ;
    ▶ set [oneself] up
    1 Comm she set herself up as a financial advisor elle s'est mise à son compte comme conseiller financier ; to set oneself up in business se mettre à son compte ;
    2 ( claim) I don't set myself up to be an expert je ne prétends pas être expert ; she sets herself up as an authority on French art elle prétend faire autorité en matière d'art français.
    ■ set upon:
    ▶ set upon [sb] attaquer qn.

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  • 14 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 15 Einsatz

    m
    1. (eingesetztes Stück) insert; Tisch: (extension) leaf; am Kleid, im Topf etc.: inset; im Filter: element; im Koffer etc.: compartment
    2. beim Spiel: stake (auch fig.); (Flaschenpfand etc.) deposit; den Einsatz erhöhen raise the stakes Pl.; seinen Einsatz machen beim Roulette: put down one’s stake
    3. MUS. entry
    4. (Anstrengung) effort, hard work; (Hingabe) dedication; (Engagement) commitment; Einsatz zeigen show commitment ( oder dedication); der Einsatz hat sich gelohnt the effort was worth it; beide Seiten haben mit vollem Einsatz gekämpft both sides fought with total commitment, it was an all-out battle
    5. (das Einsetzen) employment, use; von Truppen: deployment; unter Einsatz seines Lebens at the risk of one’s life; unter Einsatz aller Kräfte by a supreme effort; zum Einsatz bringen bring into operation, use; (Truppen etc.) send in; SPORT (Spieler) bring on; zum Einsatz kommen oder gelangen be used; Truppen etc.: be sent in; Spieler: come on; im Einsatz sein Sache: be in use ( oder operation)
    6. (Aktion) der Armee, Feuerwehr, Polizei etc.: operation; (Auftrag) mission; MIL. auch sortie; im Einsatz sein be on duty; MIL. be in action; bei oder in einem Einsatz ums Leben kommen die on a mission; einen Einsatz fliegen fly a sortie
    7. schw. KIRCHL. (Amtseinführung) induction
    * * *
    der Einsatz
    (Engagement) commitment;
    (Kapitaleinsatz) investment;
    (Militär) action;
    * * *
    Ein|satz
    m
    1) (= Einsatzteil) inset; (= Schubladeneinsatz, Koffereinsatz) tray; (= Topfeinsatz) compartment; (= Bluseneinsatz) false blouse collar and neck to wear under pullover; (= Hemdeinsatz) dicky (dated)
    2) (= Spieleinsatz) stake; (= Kapitaleinsatz) investment

    den Éínsatz erhöhen — to raise the stakes

    den Éínsatz heraushaben (inf) — to recover one's stake

    3) (MUS) entry; (THEAT) entrance

    der Dirigent gab den Éínsatz — the conductor raised his baton and brought in the orchestra/solist etc

    der Dirigent gab den Geigern den Éínsatz — the conductor brought in the violins

    der Éínsatz der Streicher war verfrüht — the strings came in too early

    4) (= Verwendung) use; (ESP MIL) deployment; (von Arbeitskräften) employment

    im Éínsatz — in use

    die Ersatzspieler kamen nicht zum Éínsatz — the reserves weren't put in or used

    unter Éínsatz von Schlagstöcken — using truncheons

    unter Éínsatz aller Kräfte — by making a supreme effort

    5) (= Aktion) (MIL) action, operation; (von Polizei, Feuerwehr) operation

    im Éínsatz — in action

    wo war er im Éínsatz? — where did he see action?

    zum Éínsatz kommen — to go into action

    bei seinem ersten Éínsatz — the first time he went into action

    sich zum Éínsatz melden — to report for duty

    6) (= Hingabe) commitment

    in selbstlosem Éínsatz ihres Lebens — with a complete disregard for her own life

    etw unter Éínsatz seines Lebens tun — to risk one's life to do sth, to do sth at the risk of one's life

    den Éínsatz des eigenen Lebens nicht scheuen (geh) — not to hesitate to sacrifice one's own life

    * * *
    der
    1) ((often in plural) the movement, fighting etc of armies: The general was in command of operations in the north.) operation
    2) (a short trip or expedition.) sortie
    3) (a sum of money risked in betting: He and his friends enjoy playing cards for high stakes.) stake
    * * *
    Ein·satz
    <-es, Einsätze>
    m
    1. (eingesetzte Leistung) effort
    \Einsatz zeigen to show commitment
    unter \Einsatz aller seiner Kräfte with a superhuman effort, using [or by summoning up] all his strength
    unter \Einsatz ihres Lebens by putting her own life at risk
    2. beim Glücksspiel bet, stake
    bitte Ihre Einsätze! please make [or place] your bets!
    4. (Verwendung) use; MIL employment
    der \Einsatz des Ersatztorwarts war erforderlich a replacement [goalie] had to be brought on
    zum \Einsatz kommen to be used [or employed] [or deployed]
    Spezialeinheiten der Polizei kamen zum \Einsatz special police units were deployed [or brought into action]
    ▪ der \Einsatz von jdm/etw beim Militär the deployment [or use] of sb/sth
    unter massiertem \Einsatz von Artillerie through massive use of artillery
    5. (Aktion) assignment, mission
    im \Einsatz sein to be on duty
    die Feuerwehrleute waren rund um die Uhr im \Einsatz the fire brigade worked [or were in action] round the clock; (Aktion militärischer Art) operation, campaign
    im \Einsatz sein to be in action
    ich war damals auch in Vietnam im \Einsatz I was also [in action] [or on active service] in Vietnam, I too saw action in Vietnam
    6. (das musikalische Einsetzen) entry
    der \Einsatz der Trompeten war verspätet the trumpets came in too late
    den \Einsatz geben to cue [or bring] sth in
    7. (eingesetztes Teil) inset
    Schubladen\Einsatz tray
    der Tisch\Einsatz the table extension leaf
    8. (eingelassenes Stück) insert, inserted part
    * * *
    1) (eingesetztes Teil) (in Tischdecke, Kopfkissen usw.) inset; (in Kochtopf, Nähkasten usw.) compartment
    3) (das Einsetzen) (von Maschinen, Waffen usw.) use; (von Truppen) deployment

    zum Einsatz kommen od. gelangen — (Papierdt.) < machine> come into operation; <police, troops> be used

    jemanden/etwas zum Einsatz bringen — use somebody/something

    4) (Engagement) commitment; dedication
    5) (Milit.)

    im Einsatz sein/fallen — be in action or on active service/die in action

    6) (Musik)
    * * *
    1. (eingesetztes Stück) insert; Tisch: (extension) leaf; am Kleid, im Topf etc: inset; im Filter: element; im Koffer etc: compartment
    2. beim Spiel: stake (auch fig); (Flaschenpfand etc) deposit;
    den Einsatz erhöhen raise the stakes pl;
    3. MUS entry
    4. (Anstrengung) effort, hard work; (Hingabe) dedication; (Engagement) commitment;
    Einsatz zeigen show commitment ( oder dedication);
    der Einsatz hat sich gelohnt the effort was worth it;
    beide Seiten haben mit vollem Einsatz gekämpft both sides fought with total commitment, it was an all-out battle
    5. (das Einsetzen) employment, use; von Truppen: deployment;
    unter Einsatz seines Lebens at the risk of one’s life;
    unter Einsatz aller Kräfte by a supreme effort;
    zum Einsatz bringen bring into operation, use; (Truppen etc) send in; SPORT (Spieler) bring on;
    gelangen be used; Truppen etc: be sent in; Spieler: come on;
    im Einsatz sein Sache: be in use ( oder operation)
    6. (Aktion) der Armee, Feuerwehr, Polizei etc: operation; (Auftrag) mission; MIL auch sortie;
    im Einsatz sein be on duty; MIL be in action;
    einen Einsatz fliegen fly a sortie
    7. schweiz KIRCHE (Amtseinführung) induction
    * * *
    1) (eingesetztes Teil) (in Tischdecke, Kopfkissen usw.) inset; (in Kochtopf, Nähkasten usw.) compartment
    3) (das Einsetzen) (von Maschinen, Waffen usw.) use; (von Truppen) deployment

    zum Einsatz kommen od. gelangen — (Papierdt.) < machine> come into operation; <police, troops> be used

    jemanden/etwas zum Einsatz bringen — use somebody/something

    4) (Engagement) commitment; dedication
    5) (Milit.)

    im Einsatz sein/fallen — be in action or on active service/die in action

    6) (Musik)
    * * *
    -ë m.
    duty (military) n.
    encouragement n.
    insert n.
    inset n.
    jackpot n.
    mission (military) n.
    pool (gaming) n.
    stake n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Einsatz

  • 16 agent

    m
    1) агент; сотрудник; представитель; уполномоченный представитель
    •

    agent de douane, agent des douanes, agent douanier — таможенный чиновник [инспектор], таможенник

    - agent administratif
    - agent de l'Administration
    - agent d'affaires
    - agent assermenté
    - agent d'assurance
    - agent d'autorité
    - agent de brevets
    - agent centralisé
    - agent de change
    - agent de la circulation
    - agent commercial
    - agent comptable
    - agent consulaire
    - agent contractuel
    - agent contractuel de droit public
    - agent sous contrat
    - agent des contributions
    - agent convoyeur
    - agent dépendant
    - agent diplomatique
    - agent de direction
    - agent de l'Etat
    - agent étatique
    - agent étranger
    - agent d'exécution
    - agent d'expédition
    - agent de la force publique
    - agent des forces armées
    - agent de fret aérien
    - agent général d'assurance
    - agent du Gouvernement
    - agent immobilier
    - agent des impôts
    - agent indépendant
    - agent judiciaire du Trésor
    - agent maritime
    - agent monté
    - agent négociateur
    - agent nocif
    - agent notificateur
    - agent officieux
    - agent placeur
    - agent de police
    - agent de police judiciaire
    - agent de police municipale
    - agent politique
    - agent à poste fixe
    - agent de poursuites
    - agent poursuivant
    - agent de probation
    - agent provocateur
    - agent public
    - agent public non fonctionnaire
    - agent de renseignement
    - agent secret
    - agent du service des brevets
    - agent du service général
    - agent statutaire de droit public
    - agent de sûreté
    - agent de surveillance
    - agent technique des eaux et forêts
    - agent titulaire
    - agent de transport
    - agent en uniforme
    - agent de vente
    - agent verbalisateur

    Dictionnaire de droit français-russe > agent

  • 17 दण्डः _daṇḍḥ _ण्डम् _ṇḍam

    दण्डः ण्डम् [दण्ड्-अच्]
    1 A stick, staff, rod, mace, club, cudgel; पततु शिरस्यकाण्डयमदण्ड इवैष भूजः Māl.5.31; काष्ठदण्डः.
    -2 The sceptre of a king, the rod as a symbol of authority and punishment; आत्तदण्डः Ś.5.8.
    -3 The staff given to a twice-born man at the time of investiture with the sacred thread; cf Ms.2.45-48.
    -4 The staff of a संन्यासिन् or ascetic.
    -5 The trunk of an elephant.
    -6 The stem or stalk as of a lotus, tree &c.; U.1.31; Māl.9.14; the handle as of an umbrella; ब्रह्माण्डच्छत्रदण्डः &c. Dk.1 (opening verse); राज्यं स्वहस्तधृतदण्डमिवातपत्रम् Ś.5.6; Ku.7.89; so कमल- दण्ड &c.
    -7 The oar of a boat.
    -8 An arm or leg (at the end of comp.)
    -9 The staff or pole of a ban- ner, a tent &c.
    -1 The beam of a plough.
    -11 The cross-bar of a lute or a stringed instrument.
    -12 The stick with which an instrument is played.
    -13 A churning-stick.
    -14 Fine; Ms.8.341;9.229; Y.2.237.
    -15 Chastisement, corporal punishment, punishment in general; यथापराधदण्डानाम् R.1.6; एवं राजापथ्यकारिषु ती- क्ष्णदण्डो राजा Mu.1; दण्डं दण्ड्येषु पातयेत् Ms.8.126; कृतदण्ड स्वयं राज्ञा लेभे शूद्रः सतां गतिम् R.15.23. यथार्हदण्डो (राजा) पूज्यः Kau. A.1.4; सुविज्ञातप्रणीतो हि दण्डः प्रजां धर्मार्थकामै- र्योजयति Kau. A.1.4
    -16 Imprisonment.
    -17 Attack, assault, violence, punishment, the last of the four expe- dients; see उपाय; सामादीनामुपायानां चतुर्णामपि पण्डिताः । साम- दण्डौ प्रशंसन्ति नित्यं राष्ट्राभिवृद्धये ॥ Ms.7.19; cf. Śi.2.54.
    -18 An army; तस्य दण्डवतो दण्डः स्वदेहान्न व्यशिष्यत R.17. 62; Ms.7.65;9.294; Ki.2.15.
    -19 A form of mili- tary array; Mb.12.59.4.
    -2 Subjection, control, restraint; वाग्दण्डो$थ मनोदण्डः कायदण्डस्तथैव च । यस्यैते निहिता बुद्धौ त्रिदण्डीति स उच्यते ॥ Ms.12.1.
    -21 A measure of length equal to 4 Hastas; Bṛi. S.24.9.
    -22 The penis.
    -23 Pride; या चापि न्यस्तदण्डानां तां गतिं व्रज पुत्रक Mb. 7.78.25.
    -24 The body.
    -25 An epithet of Yama.
    -26 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -27 N. of Śiva.
    -28 An attendant on the sun.
    -29 A horse (said to be m. only in this and the preceding four senses).
    -3 A particular appear- ance in the sky (similar to a stick).
    -31 An uninter- rupted row or series, a line.
    -32 Standing upright or erect.
    -33 A corner, an angle.
    -34 The Science of Govt. विनयमूलो दण्डः, दण्डमूलास्तिस्त्रो विद्याः Kau. A.1.5.
    -35 Harm, injury; न्यासो दण्डस्य भूतेषु मनोवाक्कायजस्य यः Bhāg.7. 15.8.
    -Comp. -अजिनम् 1 staff and hide (as outer badges of devotion).
    -2 (fig.) hypocrisy, deceit.
    -अधिपः a chief magistrate.
    -अनीकम् a detachment or division of an army; तव हृतवतो दण्डानीकैर्विदर्भपतेः श्रियम् M.5.2.
    -अप (व) तानकः tetanus, lock-jaw.
    -अपूपन्यायः see under न्याय.
    -अर्ह a. fit to be chastised, deserving punishment.
    -अलसिका cholera.
    -आख्यम् a house with two wings, one facing the north and the other the east; Bṛi. S.53. 39.
    -आघातः a blow with a stick; पूर्वप्रविष्ठान्क्रोधात्तान्दण्डा- घातैरताडयन् Ks.54.23.
    -आज्ञा judicial sentence.
    -आश्रमः the condition of a pilgrim.
    -आश्रमिन् m. a devotee, an ascetic.
    -आसनम्, दण्डकासनम् lying prostrate on the ground, a kind of Āsana; Yoga S.2.46.
    -आहतम् buttermilk.
    -उद्यमः 1 threatening.
    -2 (pl.) application of power; निःसाराल्पफलानि ये त्वविधिना वाञ्छन्ति दण्डोद्यमैः Pt.1.376.
    -कर्मन् n. infliction of punishment, chastisement; देशकालवयःशक्ति संचिन्त्यं दण्डकर्मणि Y.2.275.
    -कलितम् repetition like a measuring rod, i. e. doing a matter after it is done in full first and then repeating it like that a second time and so on; आवृत्तिन्यायानां दण्ड- कलितं न्याय्यम् । ŚB. on MS.1.5.83; ˚वत् ind. in the manner of a measuring rod.
    -कल्पः Infliction of punishment; शुद्धचित्रश्च दण्डकल्पः Kau. A.4.
    -काकः a raven.
    -काण्ठम् a wooden club or staff; दण्डकाष्ठमवलम्ब्य स्थितः Ś2.
    -ग्रहणम् assumption of the staff of an asce- tic or pilgrim, becoming a mendicant.
    -घ्न a. striking with a stick, committing an assault; Ms.8.386.
    -चक्रः a division of an army.
    -छदनम् a room in which utensils of various kinds are kept.
    -ढक्का a kind of drum.
    -दासः one who has become a slave from non-payment of a debt; Ms.8.415.
    -देवकुलम् a court of justice.
    -धर, -धार a.
    1 carrying a staff, staff- bearer.
    -2 punishing, chastising; दत्ताभये त्वयि यमादपि दण्डधारे U.2.11.
    -3 exercising judicial authority.
    (-रः) 1 a king; श्रमनुदं मनुदण्डधरान्वयम् R.9.3; बलीयानबलं ग्रसते दण्डधराभावे Kau. A.1.4.
    -2 N. of Yama; यमो निहन्ता......दण्डधरश्च कालः
    -3 a judge, supreme magistrate.
    -4 a mendicant carrying a staff.
    -5 a potter.
    -6 a general (of an army;) Dk.2.
    -धारणम् 1 carrying a staff (as by a Brahmachārin).
    -2 following the order of a mendicant.
    -3 infliction of punishment.
    -नायकः 1 a judge, a head police-officer, a magistrate.
    -2 the leader of an army, a general.
    -3 a king. ˚पुरुषः a policeman, constable.
    -निधानम् pardoning, indulgence; Mb.12.
    -निपातनम् punishing, chastising.
    -नीतिः f.
    1 administration of justice, judicature.
    -2 the system of civil and military administration, the science of poli- tics, polity; Ms.7.43; Y.1.311; फलान्युपायुङ्क्त स दण्ड- नीतेः R.18.46; जरातुरः संप्रति दण्डनीत्या सर्वं नृपस्यानुकरोमि वृत्तम् Nāg.4.1.
    -3 an epithet of Durgā.
    -नेतृ m.
    1 a king.
    -2 Yama; गृध्रा रुषा मम कृषन्त्यधिदण्डनेतुः Bhāg.3.16. 1.
    -3 a judge; Ms.12.1; Bhāg.4.22.45.
    -पः a king.
    -पांशुलः a porter, door-keeper.
    -पाणिः 1 an epithet of Yama; करोमि चिकित्सां दण्डपाणिरिव जनतायाः Bhāg.5.1.7.
    -2 N. of the god Śiva at Benares.
    -3 a policeman; इति पश्चात्प्रविष्टास्ते पुरुषा दण्डपाणयः Ks.54.23.
    -पातः 1 falling of a stick.
    -2 infliction of punishment.
    -3 dropping one line in a manuscript.
    -पातनम् inflic- tion of punishment, chastisement.
    -पारुष्यम् 1 assault, violence.
    -2 hard or cruel infliction of punishment; अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि दण्डपारुष्यनिर्णयम् Ms.8.278.
    -पालः, -पालकः 1 a head magistrate.
    -2 a door-keeper, porter. Kau. A.1.12.
    -3 Ns. of two kinds of fishes; L. D. B.
    -पाशकः, -पाशिकः 1 a head police-officer; Pt.2; उच्यता- मस्मद्वचनात्कालपाशिको दण्डपाशिकश्च Mu.1.2-21.
    -2 a hangman, an executioner.
    -पोणम् a strainer furnished with a handle.
    -प्रणामः 1 bowing by prostrating the body at full length (keeping it erect like a stick). cf. साष्टाङ्गनमस्कार.
    -2 falling flat or prostrate on the ground.
    -बालधिः an elephant.
    -भङ्गः non-execution of a sentence.
    -भृत् m.
    1 a potter.
    -2 an epithet of Yama.
    -माण (न)वः 1 a staff-bearer
    -2 an ascetic bearing a staff; Rām.2.32.18.
    -3 a chief or leader.
    -माथः a principal road, highway.
    -मुखः a leader, general of an army.
    -यात्रा 1 a solemn procession (particularly bridal).
    -2 warlike expedition, conquest (of a region).
    -यामः 1 an epithet of Yama.
    -2 of Agastya.
    -3 a day.
    -लेशम् a small fine; Ms.8.51.
    -वधः capital punishment.
    -वाचिक a. actual or verbal (assault); Ms.8.6; cf. वाक्-पारुष्यम्.
    -वादिन् a. reprimanding, censuring, threatening with punishment; (also -m.).
    -वारित a. forbidden by threat of punishment.
    -वासिकः a door-keeper, warder.
    -वासिन् m.
    1 a door-keeper.
    -2 a magistrate.
    -वाहिन् m. a police-officer.
    -विकल्पः discretion given to an officer in awarding punishment or fine; Ms.9.228.
    -विधिः 1 rule of punishment; see दण्डोद्यमः
    -2 criminal law.
    -विष्कम्भः the post to which the string of a churning-stick is fastened.
    -व्यूहः a particular form of arranging troops, arranging them in long lines or columns; Ms.7.187.
    -शास्त्रम् the science of inflicting punishment, criminal law.
    -हस्तः 1 a door-keeper, warder, porter.
    -2 an epithet of Yama.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > दण्डः _daṇḍḥ _ण्डम् _ṇḍam

  • 18 story

    I 'sto:ri plural - stories; noun
    1) (an account of an event, or series of events, real or imaginary: the story of the disaster; the story of his life; He went to the police with his story; What sort of stories do boys aged 10 like?; adventure/murder/love stories; a story-book; He's a good story-teller.) historia
    2) ((used especially to children) a lie: Don't tell stories!) historia, cuento
    •
    - a tall story
    II see storey
    story n historia / cuento
    tr['stɔːrɪ]
    1 (gen) historia; (tale) cuento, relato; (account) relato
    2 (anecdote) anécdota; (joke) chiste nombre masculino
    3 (rumour) rumor nombre masculino; (lie) mentira, cuento
    4 (newspaper article) artículo; (newsworthy item) artículo de interés periodístico
    5 (story-line, narrative, plot) argumento, trama
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    but that's another story pero eso es otro cantar
    it's a long story es largo de contar
    so the story goes según cuenta la historia, según dicen
    that's the story of my life! ¡siempre me pasa lo mismo!
    to cut a long story short en resumidas cuentas, en pocas palabras
    ————————
    tr['stɔːrɪ]
    1 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL→ link=storey storey{
    story ['stori] n, pl stories
    1) narrative: cuento m, relato m
    2) account: historia f, relato m
    3) : piso m, planta f (de un edificio)
    first story: planta baja
    n.
    • anécdota s.f.
    • argumento s.m.
    • chiste s.m.
    • crónico s.m.
    • cuento s.m.
    • fábula s.f.
    • historia s.f.
    • historieta s.f.
    • novela s.f.
    • piso s.m.
    • planta s.f.
    • relato s.m.
    • trama s.f.
    'stɔːri
    1) noun (pl - ries)
    2)
    a) ( account) historia f, relato m; ( tale) cuento m; ( genre) ( Lit) cuento m

    it's the story of my life! — (set phrase) siempre me pasa lo mismo

    according to his/your story — según él/tú

    what's the story? — (AmE) bueno ¿qué pasa?

    he gave me the story on the new models — (AmE) me dio información sobre los nuevos modelos

    that's (quite) another o a different story — eso es otro cantar, eso es harina de otro costal

    b) ( anecdote) anécdota f; ( joke) chiste m

    the story goes that... — cuenta la leyenda que...

    3) ( plot) argumento m, trama f
    4) ( Journ) artículo m
    5) ( lie) (colloq) cuento m (fam), mentira f
    6) BrE storey ( of building) piso m, planta f

    on the first story — ( in US) en la planta baja; ( in UK) en el primer piso


    I ['stɔːrɪ]
    1. N
    1) (=account) historia f ; (=tale) cuento m, relato m ; (=joke) chiste m

    his story is that... — según él dice..., según lo que él cuenta...

    • but that's another story — pero eso es otro cantar

    • a children's story — un cuento infantil

    • the story goes that... — se dice or se cuenta que...

    • the story of her life — la historia de su vida

    that's the story of my life! * — ¡siempre me pasa lo mismo!

    • it's a long story — es/sería largo de contar

    to cut a long story short — en resumidas cuentas, en pocas palabras

    • it's the same old story — es la historia de siempre

    • to tell a story — (fictional) contar un cuento; (=recount what happened) contar or narrar una historia

    the marks tell their own story — las señales hablan por sí solas, las señales no necesitan interpretación

    what a story this house could tell! — ¡cuántas cosas nos diría esta casa!

    • the story of their travels — la relación de sus viajes

    • that's not the whole story — eso no es todo

    2) (=plot) argumento m, trama f
    3) (Press) artículo m, reportaje m
    4) euph (=lie) mentira f, cuento m

    • a likely story! — ¡puro cuento!

    • to tell stories — (lies) contar embustes

    2.
    CPD

    II
    ['stɔːrɪ]
    N (US) = storey
    * * *
    ['stɔːri]
    1) noun (pl - ries)
    2)
    a) ( account) historia f, relato m; ( tale) cuento m; ( genre) ( Lit) cuento m

    it's the story of my life! — (set phrase) siempre me pasa lo mismo

    according to his/your story — según él/tú

    what's the story? — (AmE) bueno ¿qué pasa?

    he gave me the story on the new models — (AmE) me dio información sobre los nuevos modelos

    that's (quite) another o a different story — eso es otro cantar, eso es harina de otro costal

    b) ( anecdote) anécdota f; ( joke) chiste m

    the story goes that... — cuenta la leyenda que...

    3) ( plot) argumento m, trama f
    4) ( Journ) artículo m
    5) ( lie) (colloq) cuento m (fam), mentira f
    6) BrE storey ( of building) piso m, planta f

    on the first story — ( in US) en la planta baja; ( in UK) en el primer piso

    English-spanish dictionary > story

  • 19 begleiten

    v/t
    1. allg.: accompany; zu Fuß auch: walk along with; jemanden zur oder an die Bahn begleiten see s.o. off at the station; jemanden zu einem Konzert begleiten go to a concert with s.o.; als derjenige, der einlädt: take s.o. to a concert; jemanden nach Hause begleiten take ( oder walk) s.o. home; (schützend geleiten) auch MIL., NAUT., MOT. escort
    2. MUS. accompany ( auf + Dat oder am on)
    3. etw. begleitet jemanden / etw. s.th. accompanies s.o. / s.th.; begleitet von accompanied by; (Gefahren etc.) fraught with; von Erfolg begleitet very successful; die Expedition war vom Unglück begleitet the expedtion was attended ( oder plagued) by bad luck; meine besten Wünsche begleiten dich my best wishes go with you
    * * *
    to usher; to accompany; to attend; to escort; to squire
    * * *
    be|glei|ten ptp begleitet
    vt
    1) (= mitgehen, mitfahren mit) to accompany; (zu Veranstaltung auch) to go/come with; (zum Schutz auch) to escort; esp Schiff auch to escort, to convoy

    er wurde stets von seinem Hund begleitet — his dog always went everywhere with him

    ein paar begléítende Worte — a few accompanying words

    meine Wünsche begléíten Sie — my best wishes go with you

    begléítende Umstände — attendant or accompanying circumstances (form)

    2) (MUS) to accompany (
    an or auf +dat on)
    * * *
    1) (to go with (someone or something): He accompanied her to the door.) accompany
    2) (to play a musical instrument to go along with (a singer etc): He accompanied her on the piano.) accompany
    3) (to accompany or attend as escort: He offered to escort her to the dance; Four police motorcyclists escorted the president's car along the route.) escort
    4) (to accompany: I'll see you home.) see
    * * *
    be·glei·ten *
    vt
    ▪ jdn \begleiten (a. fig) to accompany sb
    jdn irgendwohin \begleiten to accompany [or come/go with] sb somewhere
    jdn nach Hause/zur Bushaltestelle \begleiten to accompany [or form escort] sb home/to the bus stop
    jdn zur Tür \begleiten to take [or show] [or form escort] sb to the door
    ▪ etw \begleiten to escort sth
    unsere guten Wünsche \begleiten dich! our best wishes go with you!
    2. (musikalisch unterstützen)
    ▪ jdn [auf einem Instrument] \begleiten to accompany sb [on an instrument]
    jdn auf dem [o am] Klavier begleiten to accompany sb on the piano
    * * *
    transitives Verb (auch Musik, fig.) accompany

    jemanden zur Tür begleiten — show somebody to the door

    * * *
    1. allg: accompany; zu Fuß auch: walk along with;
    an die Bahn begleiten see sb off at the station;
    jemanden zu einem Konzert begleiten go to a concert with sb; als derjenige, der einlädt: take sb to a concert;
    jemanden nach Hause begleiten take ( oder walk) sb home; (schützend geleiten) auch MIL, SCHIFF, AUTO escort
    2. MUS accompany (
    auf +dat oder
    am on)
    3.
    etwas begleitet jemanden/etwas sth accompanies sb/sth;
    begleitet von accompanied by; (Gefahren etc) fraught with;
    von Erfolg begleitet very successful;
    die Expedition war vom Unglück begleitet the expedtion was attended ( oder plagued) by bad luck;
    meine besten Wünsche begleiten dich my best wishes go with you
    * * *
    transitives Verb (auch Musik, fig.) accompany
    * * *
    n.
    accompanying n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > begleiten

  • 20 go on

    1. intransitive verb
    1) weitergehen/-fahren; (by vehicle) die Reise/Fahrt usw. fortsetzen; (go ahead) vorausgehen/-fahren
    2) (continue) weitergehen; [Kämpfe:] anhalten; [Verhandlungen, Arbeiten:] [an]dauern; (continue to act) weitermachen; (continue to live) weiterleben

    go on for weeks — etc. Wochen usw. dauern

    go on to say — etc. fortfahren und sagen usw.

    go on [and on] — (coll.): (chatter) reden und reden

    go on about somebody/something — (coll.) (talk) stundenlang von jemandem/etwas erzählen; (complain) sich ständig über jemanden/etwas beklagen

    go on at somebody — (coll.) auf jemandem herumhacken (ugs.)

    3) (elapse) [Zeit:] vergehen

    as time/the years went on — im Laufe der Zeit/Jahre

    4) (happen) passieren; vor sich gehen

    there's more going on in the big cities — in den großen Städten ist mehr los

    what's going on? — was geht vor?; was ist los?

    5)

    be going on [for]... — (be nearly) fast... sein

    he is going on [for] ninety — er geht auf die Neunzig zu

    it is going on [for] ten o'clock — es geht auf 10 Uhr zu

    6) (behave) sich benehmen; sich aufführen
    7) [Kleidung:] passen

    my dress wouldn't go on — ich kam nicht in mein Kleid rein (ugs.)

    8) (Theatre) auftreten
    9) [Licht:] angehen; [Strom, Wasser:] kommen

    go on again — [Strom, Gas, Wasser:] wiederkommen

    10)

    go on! — (proceed) los, mach schon! (ugs.); (resume) fahren Sie fort!; (coll.): (stop talking nonsense) ach, geh od. komm! (ugs.)

    2. transitive verb
    1) (ride on) fahren mit

    go on working/talking — etc. weiterarbeiten/-reden usw.

    go on trying — es weiter[hin] versuchen

    3) (coll.): (be guided by) sich stützen auf (+ Akk.)
    4) (begin to receive) bekommen, erhalten [Arbeitslosengeld, Sozialfürsorge]; see also academic.ru/21703/dole">dole 1.
    5) (start to take) nehmen [Medikament, Drogen]

    go on a diet — eine Abmagerungs- od. Schlankheitskur machen

    6) (coll.): (like) see much 3. 4). See also go 1. 1), 2), 22)
    * * *
    1) (to continue: Go on reading - I won't disturb you.) fortfahren
    2) (to talk a great deal, usually too much: She goes on and on about her health.) weiter fortfahren
    3) (to happen: What is going on here?) vor sich gehen
    4) (to base one's investigations etc on: The police had very few clues to go on in their search for the murderer.) fortfahren
    * * *
    ◆ go on
    vi
    1. (go further) weitergehen; vehicle weiterfahren
    to \go on on ahead vorausgehen; vehicle vorausfahren
    2. (extend) sich akk erstrecken; time voranschreiten
    the forests seemed to \go on on for ever die Wälder schienen sich bis in die Unendlichkeit zu erstrecken
    it'll get warmer as the day \go ones on im Laufe des Tages wird es wärmer
    as time went on, their friendship blossomed im Laufe der Zeit wurde ihre Freundschaft immer tiefer
    3. (continue) weitermachen; fights anhalten; negotiations andauern fam
    I can't \go on on ich kann nicht mehr
    you can't \go on on like that indefinitely du kannst nicht ewig so weitermachen
    we can't \go on on arguing like this wir können nicht immerzu so weiter streiten
    how can you \go on on as if nothing has happened? wie kannst du nur einfach so weitermachen, als sei nichts passiert?
    to \go on on trying es weiter versuchen
    to \go on on working weiterarbeiten
    to \go on on and on kein Ende nehmen [wollen]
    4. (continue speaking) weiterreden; (speak incessantly) unaufhörlich reden
    sorry, please \go on on Entschuldigung, bitte fahren Sie fort
    he just \go ones on and on er redet echt wie ein Wasserfall fam
    she went on to talk about her time in Africa sie erzählte weiter von ihrer Zeit in Afrika
    he went on to say that... dann sagte er, dass...
    “... and then,” he went on... „... und dann“, fuhr er fort...
    ▪ to \go on on about sb/sth stundenlang über jdn/etw reden
    to always \go on on [about sth] andauernd [über etw akk] reden
    ▪ to \go on on about sb/sth dauernd über jdn/etw klagen
    ▪ to \go on on at sb an jdm herumnörgeln [o herummäkeln] fam
    6. (happen) passieren
    this has been \go oning on for months now das geht jetzt schon Monate so!
    what on earth's been \go oning on here? was um alles in der Welt ist denn hier passiert?
    what's \go oning on here? was geht denn hier vor?
    I always knew that he would \go on on to a successful career ich wusste schon immer, dass er es mal zu etwas bringen würde
    she went on to do a PhD sie strebte einen Doktortitel an
    he went on to become a teacher später wurde er Lehrer
    what proportion of people who are HIV-positive \go on on to develop AIDS? bei wie viel Prozent der HIV-Infizierten bricht tatsächlich AIDS aus?
    8. (start, embark on) anfangen
    this is the second fishing trip he's gone on this summer das ist dieses Jahr schon sein zweiter Angelurlaub
    to \go on on [or onto] the attack den Angriff starten
    to \go on on a diet auf Diät gehen
    to \go on on the dole stempeln gehen fam
    to \go on on an expedition auf eine Expedition gehen
    to \go on on a half-day week halbtags arbeiten
    to \go on on [a] holiday in Urlaub gehen, auf Urlaub fahren ÖSTERR, in die Ferien fahren SCHWEIZ
    to \go on on honeymoon auf Hochzeitsreise gehen, eine Hochzeitsreise machen ÖSTERR
    to \go on on a journey eine Reise machen
    to \go on on the pill MED die Pille nehmen
    to \go on on strike in den Streik treten
    to \go on on tour auf Tournee gehen
    9. TECH lights angehen
    10. THEAT auftreten
    I don't \go on on until the second act ich komme erst im zweiten Akt dran
    11. SPORT an der Reihe sein
    ▪ to \go on on sth evidence sich akk auf etw akk stützen
    we haven't got any anything to \go on on yet wir haben noch keine Anhaltspunkte
    13. (fit)
    ▪ to \go on on [sth]:
    these boots won't \go on on over my thick socks diese Stiefel passen nicht über meine dicken Socken
    this shoe just won't \go on on ich kriege diesen Schuh einfach nicht an fam
    14. (belong on)
    ▪ to \go on on sth auf etw akk gehören
    that vice \go ones on the workbench diese Schraubzwinge gehört auf die Werkbank
    15. FIN (be allocated to)
    ▪ to \go on on sth expenses auf etw akk gehen
    all travel expenses \go on on the company account die Firma übernimmt alle Reisekosten
    16. (as encouragement)
    \go on on, have another drink na komm, trink noch einen
    \go on on and ask directions komm, frag nach dem Weg
    \go on on! los, mach schon!
    \go on on, tell me! jetzt sag schon! fam
    17. (expressing disbelief)
    what, they eloped? \go on on, you must be kidding! was, sie sind abgehauen? das ist nicht dein Ernst! fam
    18. (ride on)
    ▪ to \go on on the swings auf die Schaukel gehen
    19. (approach)
    my granny is \go oning on [for] ninety meine Oma geht auf die neunzig zu
    it's \go oning on [for] nine o'clock es geht auf neun zu
    I'm \go oning on [for] ten! ich bin [schon] fast zehn!
    * * *
    go on v/i
    1. weitergehen, -fahren
    2. weitermachen ( with mit), fortfahren ( doing zu tun; with mit):
    go on!
    a) (mach) weiter!,
    b) iron hör auf!, ach komm!;
    go on reading lies weiter!
    3. daraufhin anfangen ( to do zu tun):
    he went on to say darauf sagte er;
    go on to sth zu einer Sache übergehen
    4. fortdauern, weitergehen:
    his speech went on for more than two hours seine Rede dauerte länger als zwei Stunden;
    life goes on das Leben geht weiter
    5. vor sich gehen, vorgehen, passieren: I don’t know what’s going on in his head was in seinem Kopf vorgeht;
    what’s going on here? was ist hier los?
    6. sich benehmen oder aufführen:
    don’t go on like that! hör auf damit!
    7. umg
    a) unaufhörlich reden oder schwatzen ( about über akk, von)
    b) ständig herumnörgeln (at an dat)
    8. angehen (Licht etc)
    9. THEAT auftreten
    10. go on for gehen auf (akk), bald sein:
    it’s going on for 5 o’clock;
    he is going on for 60 er geht auf die Sechzig zu
    11. fahren mit: → ghost train
    12. ein Medikament nehmen: → pill A 4
    13. → go1 C 17
    * * *
    1. intransitive verb
    1) weitergehen/-fahren; (by vehicle) die Reise/Fahrt usw. fortsetzen; (go ahead) vorausgehen/-fahren
    2) (continue) weitergehen; [Kämpfe:] anhalten; [Verhandlungen, Arbeiten:] [an]dauern; (continue to act) weitermachen; (continue to live) weiterleben

    go on for weeks — etc. Wochen usw. dauern

    go on to say — etc. fortfahren und sagen usw.

    go on [and on] — (coll.): (chatter) reden und reden

    go on about somebody/something — (coll.) (talk) stundenlang von jemandem/etwas erzählen; (complain) sich ständig über jemanden/etwas beklagen

    go on at somebody — (coll.) auf jemandem herumhacken (ugs.)

    3) (elapse) [Zeit:] vergehen

    as time/the years went on — im Laufe der Zeit/Jahre

    4) (happen) passieren; vor sich gehen

    what's going on? — was geht vor?; was ist los?

    5)

    be going on [for]... — (be nearly) fast... sein

    he is going on [for] ninety — er geht auf die Neunzig zu

    it is going on [for] ten o'clock — es geht auf 10 Uhr zu

    6) (behave) sich benehmen; sich aufführen
    7) [Kleidung:] passen
    8) (Theatre) auftreten
    9) [Licht:] angehen; [Strom, Wasser:] kommen

    go on again — [Strom, Gas, Wasser:] wiederkommen

    10)

    go on! — (proceed) los, mach schon! (ugs.); (resume) fahren Sie fort!; (coll.): (stop talking nonsense) ach, geh od. komm! (ugs.)

    2. transitive verb
    1) (ride on) fahren mit

    go on working/talking — etc. weiterarbeiten/-reden usw.

    go on trying — es weiter[hin] versuchen

    3) (coll.): (be guided by) sich stützen auf (+ Akk.)
    4) (begin to receive) bekommen, erhalten [Arbeitslosengeld, Sozialfürsorge]; see also dole 1.
    5) (start to take) nehmen [Medikament, Drogen]

    go on a diet — eine Abmagerungs- od. Schlankheitskur machen

    6) (coll.): (like) see much 3. 4). See also go 1. 1), 2), 22)
    * * *
    v.
    angehen v.
    weiterfahren v.
    weitergehen v.

    English-german dictionary > go on

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